Jellyfish, hydras, corals and sea anemones (phylum Cnidaria) are known for their venomous stinging cells, nematocytes, used for prey and defence. Here we show, however, that the potent Type I neurotoxin of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, Nv1, is confined to ectodermal gland cells rather than nematocytes. We demonstrate massive Nv1 secretion upon encounter with a crustacean prey. Concomi...

The present study was conducted using geometric morphometric analysis of otolith to discriminate stocks of the predominant species of genus Acanthopagrus in the west and east of Strait of Hormuz. Samples were taken from 5 regions in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea from March 2016 to March 2018. The 145-otolith samples were obtained from the Arabian yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus arabicus). Th...

introductionmany aspect strongly influence regional climate includes localized surface processes, large-scale patterns, especially mid and upper level tropospheric circulation and many factors control precipitation in the west of iran includes location of emigrate westerly winds systems, jet streams location, humidity flux and topography. upper tropospheric jet stream constitutes a significant ...

Crabs of the genus Lybia have the remarkable habit of holding a sea anemone in each of their claws. This partnership appears to be obligate, at least on the part of the crab. The present study focuses on Lybia leptochelis from the Red Sea holding anemones of the genus Alicia (family Aliciidae). These anemones have not been found free living, only in association with L. leptochelis. In an attemp...

In the Persian Gulf, the major source of oil pollution is related to the transportation of tankers, offshore production and discharges by coastal refineries. The water dynamical field has been obtained using a new hydrodynamic model. Local wind is recognized as the principal driving force combining to the water dynamic field to determine oil drift on the sea surface. The Weibull probability dis...