In developing countries like Pakistan, the capacity shortage (CS) of electricity is a critical problem. The frequent natural gas (NG) outages compel consumers to use electricity to fulfill the thermal loads, which ends up as an increase in electrical load. In this scenario, the authors have proposed the concept of a combined heat & power (CHP) plant to be a better option for supplying both elec...

Abstract A distributed autonomous economic control strategy is proposed to realize the operation of DC microgrid in islanded state. The first introduces incremental cost primary control, but due influence line impedance, it not possible precisely achieve consensus at each unit, and generates a steady-state error. To overcome this problem, secondary based on dynamic algorithm designed basis whic...

Microgrids gain popularity due to their economical and environmental benefits along with low power losses smaller infrastructure. However, it has several operational challenges such as quality, system instability, reliability, protection issues. Microgrid strategy is a prime issue for the reliable operation of microgrid. The microgrid scheme must meet essential conditions grid-connected islande...

Abstract Since the islanded AC Microgrid is affected by impedance of line, it difficult to coordinate voltage regulation and reactive load distribution. A distributed secondary controller based on observer proposed for isolated Microgrids, does not need more communications. This method can guarantee estimated average equals actual output voltages that converge nominal values, realize accurate p...

In this paper, a robust local controller has been designed to balance the power for distributed energy resources (DERs) in an islanded microgrid. Three different DER types are considered in this study; photovoltaic systems, battery energy storage systems, and synchronous generators. Since DER dynamics are nonlinear and uncertain, which may destabilize the power system or decrease the performanc...