The Fourth Industrial Revolution (also referred to as Industry 4.0) is driven by a massive utilization of new technologies, such robots, artificial intelligence, Internet Things (IoT), Big Data, Quantum Computing and Communications, replacing humans machines in certain tasks or the development more efficient tasks. originating huge modifications society organizations. Human adaptation paradigm ...

The sharing economy will blur the distinctions between renting and owning a wide variety of durable products. The first great entrepreneurial (Neolithic) revolution transformed hunter-gatherers into fixed agriculturalists. The second (Industrial) revolution dramatically reduced the costs of owning products. The third (Transactions Costs) revolution will reduce the costs of exchange, fostering a...

The widespread view that English Industrial Revolution was driven by labour substituting technical progress caused by high wages suffers from a basic defect: although English wages were high, so too was English productivity. We argue instead that England’s high wages and Industrial Revolution stemmed from a common source: the superior human capability of ordinary English workers, who were talle...

The Industrial Revolution seemingly involved two profound changes separated by 120 years: the classic Industrial Revolution of 1770, and the demographic transition of 1890. The first was the appearance of higher innovation rates, creating modern rates of output growth. The second a decline in fertility, first in the upper classes, then among the masses, that channeled all economic growth into h...

[1] Ice core measurements (H2O2 and CH4/HCHO) and modeling studies indicate a change in the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere since the onset of the Industrial Revolution due to increases in fossil fuel burning emissions [e.g., Lelieveld et al., 2002; Hauglustaine and Brasseur, 2001; Wang and Jacob, 1998; Staffelbach et al., 1991]. The mass-independent fractionation (MIF) in the oxygen isoto...