in the cerebrum: " ... we know practically nothing about what goes on between the arrival of the excitation at a sensory projection area and its later departure from the It has been 50 years since Donald Hebb published the motor area of the cortex " (xvi). Hebb conjectured that Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory cortical circuits admit self-sustaining activity that rever-in 1...

John Hawthorne and David Manley wrote an excellent book on the many issues surrounding the twin notions of reference and singular thought. The book is divided into two parts corresponding to two main objectives. In Part I, which is titled " Against Acquaintance " and includes Chapters 1-3, they present a first case in favour of what they call liberalism — the view according to which neither ref...

It has recently been suggested that the practice of bioethics in the area of biology and genetics has been hampered by the lack of an accurate and appropriate metaphor. Beginning with previous metaphors that have compared the genome with a static blueprint or "book of life", I develop a dynamic metaphor that is compatible with our present understanding of the role of genetics in biology. The re...

Since Heubner's (1985) pioneering study, there have been many studies on (mis) use/ non-use of articles by L2 learners from article-less and article languages. The present study investigated how Persian L2 learners of English produce and interpret English definite descriptions and demonstrative descriptions. It was assumed that definite and demonstrative descriptions share the same central sema...

safīnat al-bihār wa madīnat al-hikam wa al-āthār, a precious book by sheikh abbās qumī, is a comprehensive content list for the famous book, bihar al-’anwār al-jāmi‘ah li al-durar al-akhbār al-’a’immat al-’athār by allāmah madjlesī. the big number of volumes bihar al-’anwār’ contains as well as the diverse subjects it covers, caused the hadīth narrator, qumī, to write a content list for that bo...

(ngan-mo or t'uei-na) was featured in the Classics. Chou Yu-fan (c. 1575) rediscovered and explained it in order to lessen pain (treating the body by rubbing, pressing with or between the fingers). Chapter 8: (pp. 152-57). Gymnastic or bodily exercises were recommended with breathing exercises. The Chinese gymnastic exercises (T'ai-chi ch'ian) were discussed with fifteen positions. Chapter 9: (...

was always available for use when required. Of course the value of a note-book lies in its compilation by the user of it himself, but we take it that by this book the author hopes to aid those whom he cannot personally reach. In the preface it is stated that the work is in no way meant to replace larger text-books or practical work in the laboratory, but to supplement these by helping the stude...

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mulla sadra treated logos (kalam) as something that expresses the inside of the speaker, and explained that divine logos includes god’s creatures and god's action, therefore applying the word and logos to the universe is true, and according to the definition, god is speaker. mulla sadra explains the divine logos and command in three steps: superior logos i.e. the world of amr, middle logos...