guillaume apollinaire is a famous french poet and writer of the twentieth century. innovations in modern french poetry has caused him to be remembered as a veteran in this field and it has also added a special beauty to his poetry that cannot be seen in the poetry of other poets before him. he is often known for his “calligrammes”. alcools is his most famous collection of poems in europe, espec...

This article discusses the main decorative principles of Castrum doloris for Russian emperors in 18th century. The author applies a complex method, which is based on academic reconstruction once-grandiose mourning ensembles. In preparation burial Peter Great, certain model funeral decoration was created and preserved Russia throughout design ensembles followed general laws ceremonial culture th...

В центре внимания в статье находятся опущения фрагментов английского романа русском рукописном переводе середины XVIII в. Пропущенные части относятся к темам восприятия смерти, отношения вере и понимания роли женщины. Это свидетельствует о том, что подобные носят не случайный субъективный характер, но продиктованы различиями национальной философской традиции двух культур. The article focuses on...

The intricate and elegant phacoemulsification technique that is practiced around the world today has a rich history and fascinating evolution. Prior to the 18th century, the only known approach to treating cataract was through couching, a technique that involved depressing the lens into the vitreous of the eye using a needle. Following the introduction of the extraction, a long and vigorous deb...

This overview reflects the extensive changes in the health care system which had significant effects on the apothecaryâs profession and education. In the 18(th) century Maria Theresia assigned Gerard van Swieten to modernize the medical curriculum and to work out reforms for health care. The resulting sanitary bill released in 1770 and amended in 1773 became effective for the whole empire and i...