abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

the extent to which written corrective feedback on linguistic errors can play a role in helping l2 writers improve the accuracy of their writing continues to be an issue of interest to researchers and teachers since truscott (1996) mounted a case for its abolition. while there is growing empirical evidence that written corrective feedback can successfully target some types of linguistic error (...

in chapter one we will describe definitions and preliminary results to provide the global context of our own results to be presented in detail in the subsequent chapters in chapter two we consider degree-one maps of the circle and we study their rotation set. our main result in this chapter says that if the map is topologically mixing then its rotation interval is nontrivial (that is, not reduc...

in this thesis,spin dependend transport and electron transport through of ng/sg(graphene/ superconductor graphen) are studied in the junction of ng/fgt/sg. due to andreev reflection conductance increases in the presence of superconductor graphene.also, by applying a voltage gate on a superconductor, fermi level shifts and the conductance is independent of ferromagnatic substrate. also, the cond...

short story as an important literary genre in the recent decade is focused by many of young writers and literary critical with searching structure, content , artistic techniques and cognitive phenomenon of these works , we can show quantity of using some parts of storied literature from new literal techniques of the word and also we can show the usage of native, cultural and social foundation...

This article attempts to study a hadith attributed to Imam Hussein in which he says, "I have only risen to seek reformation." It tries to find that whether the content of hadith suggests reformation of religion or that of nation. The author has concluded that this hadith is neither authentic in its chain of transmission nor acceptable in its content. If one ignores inauthenticity of chain of tr...

Ahmad ibn Ali al-Najashi is one of the eminent experts in the science of hadith transmitters and bibliography, and his book on the transmitters of hadith is considered the most important among the four major books on the Shii science of transmission of hadith. He was the disciple of many Masters, some of whom were the most eminent scholars in the science of the transmitters of hadith and biblio...

this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...

abstract in written mode of language, metadiscourse markers are used commonly to help writers in general and academic writers in particular to produce coherent and professional texts. the purpose of the present study was to compare introduction sections of applied linguistics and physics articles regarding their use of interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers based on the model pro...

One of the people whose views on tradition caused much controversy is Mahmood Abu Riyyah. In his book Adhwaala al-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyyah he discusses certain issues which could not be acceptable to the Sunni students of hadith and, therefore, they accused him of opposing tradition. In contrast, his views on the Sunni circles of hadith have been greatly welcomed in the Shiite world, especiall...