Continuous administration of soluble proteins, delivered over a 10-d period by a mini-osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously, induces a long-lasting inhibition of antigen-specific T cell proliferation in lymph node cells from BALB/c mice subsequently primed with antigen in adjuvant. The decreased T cell proliferative response is associated with a down-regulation of the T helper cell (Th)1 cytoki...

Th2 cells and mast cells are major sources of IL4, IL5 and IL13, cytokines that mediate immunity against parasites and are also central players in the pathophysiology of asthma, allergy and atopic disease. We asked whether Th2 cells and mast cells, which belong to the lymphoid and myeloid lineages, respectively, use different cis-acting regulatory regions to transcribe the cytokine genes. Compa...

Autoreactive anti-MHC class II T cells are found in Brown Norway (BN) and Lewis (LEW) rats that receive either HgCl2 or gold salts. These T cells have a T helper cell 2 (Th2) phenotype in the former strain and are responsible for Th2-mediated autoimmunity. In contrast, T cells that expand in LEW rats produce IL-2 and prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a cell-mediated autoimmune ...

Autoimmune diabetes is caused by the CD4(+), T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated apoptosis of insulin-producing beta cells. We have previously shown that Th2 T cells bearing the same T cell receptor (TCR) as the diabetogenic Th1 T cells invade islets in neonatal nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice but fail to cause disease. Moreover, when mixed in excess and cotransferred with Th1 T cells, Th2 T cells coul...

IL-5 is a key cytokine that plays an important role in the development of pathological conditions in allergic inflammation. Identifying strategies to inhibit IL-5 production is important in order to establish new therapies for treating allergic inflammation. We found that SH-2251, a novel thioamide-related small compound, selectively inhibits the differentiation of IL-5-producing Th2 cells. SH-...

GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3) is a GATA family transcription factor that controls differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells into T helper 2 (Th2) cells. However, it is unknown how Gata3 simultaneously activates Th2-specific genes while repressing those of other Th lineages. Here we show that chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (Chd4) forms a complex with Gata3 in Th2 cells that both activat...

Although dendritic cells (DCs) are adept initiators of CD4(+) T cell responses, their fundamental importance in this regard in Th2 settings remains to be demonstrated. We have used CD11c-diphtheria toxin (DTx) receptor mice to deplete CD11c(+) cells during the priming stage of the CD4(+) Th2 response against the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni. DTx treatment significantly depleted CD11c(...

The nature (Th1 versus Th2) and dynamics of the autoimmune response during the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and after immunotherapy are unclear. Here, we show in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that the autoreactive T cell response starts and spreads as a pure Th1 type autoimmunity, suggesting that a spontaneous Th1 cascade underlies disease progression. Surprisingly, ...

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We have read the article published in your journal written by Sofian et al., entitled " the serum profile of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in treated and non-treated HCV infected individuals " (1). Evidences well documented that the simultaneous elevation of Th1 and Th2 related cy...

A number of receptors and signaling pathways can influence the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to promote CD4(+) Th type 1 (Th1) responses. In contrast, the regulatory pathways and signaling events that govern the ability of DC to instruct Th2 cell differentiation remain poorly defined. In this report, we demonstrate that NF-kappaB1 expression within DC is required to promote optimal Th2 respon...