OBJECTIVE This work proposes a revision of the 30 item Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30), into a more efficient and easier-to-use two-stage scale. METHODS Using a sample of 1405 individuals (primarily women) enrolled in a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), the present work utilizes principles of item response theory and multi-...

In various species, sex, hormonal treatments and oestrous-cycle stage have been shown to affect the animal's response in behavioural tests. Few such studies have been performed in the horse. The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether oestrous-cycle stage affects mares' response to a novel object test and isolation test and, in part, to study whether mares, assumed to suffer fr...

BACKGROUND Student's two-sample t test is generally used for comparing the means of two independent samples, for example, two treatment arms. Under the null hypothesis, the t test assumes that the two samples arise from the same normally distributed population with unknown variance. Adequate control of the Type I error requires that the normality assumption holds, which is often examined by mea...

The platelet retention test provides a measure of the number of platelets retained in a column of glass beads and is one of the few in vitro platelet function tests that is abnormal in von Willebrand’s disease (vWd). In a two-stage test, 1 mL of blood (designated A) was passed through the column, followed by 5 mL of isotonic saline and then 5 mL of blood (B) in which platelet retention was meas...

There are multiple scenarios where at-speed coverage over core boundaries is difficult. The idea is to resolve this problem using two stage wrapper. Generally single stage wrapper is used in the present design techniques, and is used in industries. Here two stage wrapper is used in which test coverage has been increased. Additional scan compression architecture is introduced to reduce the patte...

background : labor pain relief has been considered since many years ago. heat as a non pharmacological method of pain relief helps reducing the pain intensity and increases the pain consistency. the aim of the study was to determine the effect of the heat therapy on the labor pain in primigravida women. methods : in this clinical trial study, 64 low risk nulliparous women were randomly divided ...