Water pollution is a serious environmental problem caused by activities. A group of pollutants that are not controlled in the environment but cause harmful effects on ecosystem known as emerging pollutants. One these groups detected water bodies pharmaceutical compounds. main problems compounds pollutant bacterial resistance. family antibiotics frequently used. Due to their poor absorption they...

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in three tertiary referral centers in the Netherlands. Patient records were reviewed for patients who met the selection criteria (i.e. age ≥55 years, type II/III odontoid fractures). Fracture healing (union/stability) and clinical outcome (Likert scale) were assessed. The influence of age, applied treatment, and treatment strategy (‘fracture b...

The issue in the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme neuroorreliosis is assessed followed by a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of connective tissue and associated clinical manifestations. A critical review shows that both the meningovascular and meningoencephalitic forms, which define chronic or late neurosyphilis also occur in Lyme neuroborreliosis. Clinical and pathological confir-matio...

The understanding of the caries process and its effect on the pulp is presented in the context that caries does develop in various rates of progression. Early in the caries process, the pulp reflects changes within lesion activity. Thus, the early pulp response is reversible. Later, the rate of caries progression is reflected by the quality of the tertiary dentin. Slowly progressing lesions cre...

background: diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (cvd). moreover, cvd accounts for primary cause of death among diabetic patients. physicians, especially in the primary care setting, have effective role in the management of cardiovascular risk factors. therefore, we aimed to compare the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients attending t...

environmental hazards caused by living conditions and human behaviour in residential areas are types of manmade hazards which have rarely been studied and documented in literature. available studies that had considered theconventional residential environment had proved that residents’ perception were influenced by human and environmental factors. with focus on educational institutions, this pap...

Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is necessary to achieve long-term effectiveness. The impact of HIV/AIDS-specific pharmacy services on patient adherence and HIV viral suppression is currently not well described. This study aimed to compare the impact of differing levels of HIV-pharmacy care on adherence and time to HIV viral suppression among participants on HAART enrol...

results electron microscopy showed mrsa phages’ resemblance to members of the family siphoviridae, serogroups a and f. they exhibited a latent period of 70 minutes and a relatively burst size of 2,400 plaque-forming units (pfu)/infected cell. the titer of the phages was determined to be 3 × 109 pfu/ml using the by dla technique. conclusions in this study, two phages from the family siphoviridae...

The objective is to provide a review of nocturnal enuresis (NE), including its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and current management. We also set to provide further insight on the treatment of this condition from the experience derived from patients cared for at our tertiary-care institution. NE affects approximately 15% of all children at 5-year-old, affecting boys more f...