Dental caries is a highly prevalent chronic disease and its consequences cause a lot of pain and suffering. Sugars, particularly sucrose, are the most important dietary aetiological cause of caries. Both the frequency of consumption and total amount of sugars is important in the aetiology of caries. The evidence establishing sugars as an aetiological factor in dental caries is overwhelming. The...

environmental stresses such as drought have important effects on plant growth and development. in order to evaluate the effect of drought tolerance, 12 chickpea genotypes were treated with drought stress in hydroponic condition in greenhouses. treatments were a control and two stress treatments -3 and -6 bar that was created with polyethylene glycol in hydroponic condition. two weeks after the ...

objective: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the structure and distribution of glycoconjugates during molar tooth germ development in mice materials and methods: sixteen tooth germs were obtained from balb/c mice embryos 15 to 18 days post-gestation and fixed in 10% formalin. after routine tissue processing, 5 μm sections were cut and stained with bsa1-b4 and pna using the lectin his...

objective(s):the aim of this study was to evaluate distribution and changes of glycoconjugates of retinal photoreceptors during both pre- and postnatal development. materials and methods: tissue sections from days 15 to 20 of wistar rat embryos and 1 to 12 postnatal days of rat newborns including developing eye were prepared for lectinhistochemistry technique. horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-label...

Sugar consumption, especially added sugars, is under attack. Various government and health authorities have suggested new sugar recommendations and guidelines as low as 5% of total calories from free sugars. Definitions for total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars are not standardized, nor are there accepted nutrient databases for this information. Our objective was to measure total sugars a...

Guidelines for sugars intake range from a population mean of less than 10 % energy from free sugars, to a maximum for individuals of 25 % energy from added sugars. The aim of the present review was to examine the evidence for micronutrient dilution by sugars and evaluate its nutritional significance. From a web-based search of MEDLINE and hand search of linked papers, forty-eight relevant publi...

Soluble sugars play an important role in freezing tolerance in both herbaceous and woody plants, functioning in both the reduction of freezing-induced dehydration and the cryoprotection of cellular constituents. The quantification of soluble sugars in plant tissues is, therefore, essential in understanding freezing tolerance. While a number of analytical techniques and methods have been used to...

Nucleotide-diphospho-sugars (NDP-sugars) are the building blocks of diverse polysaccharides and glycoconjugates in all organisms. In plants, 11 families of NDP-sugar interconversion enzymes (NSEs) have been identified, each of which interconverts one NDP-sugar to another. While the functions of these enzyme families have been characterized in various plants, very little is known about their evo...

Added sugars are often viewed as 'empty calories', negatively impacting micronutrient intakes, yet reviews consider the evidence inconclusive. This study aimed to quantify associations between dietary added sugars (as a percentage of energy) and micronutrient intake and biochemical status in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Using data from 1688 British children aged 4-18 years who comple...

a new biological active hexapeptide of c-terminal of nocistatin, contains glu-gln-lys-gln-leu-gln sequence was synthesized according to solid phase peptide synthesis on the surface of 2-chloro tritylchloride resin and using fmoc-protected amino acids in the presence of tbtu (o-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl uranium tetrafluoroborate) as a coupling reagent. then, amidation o...