background and objective: preterm birth occurs in 8% to 11% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 75% to 80% of all neonatal deaths. cytokines may be involved in the etiology of preterm birth through their stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. cytokines may be released intocervicovaginal fluid during the breakdown of the chorio-decidual adhesion or from an inflammatory reaction in the sam...

OBJECTIVES Community violence is associated with health-compromising behaviors (HCBs) and adverse general health and pregnancy outcomes. It is unknown whether these effects persist after adjusting for health behaviors. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 36,637 pregnancies, 2005-2009, using birth certificate/hospital discharge databases. Community violence rate = (nonaccidental injuries/tot...

background:   objective: present study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in ardabil, iran.   materials and methods: a case control study was conducted between nov 2010 and july 2011 in all three maternal hospitals in ardabil. all the live newborns during the study period were investigated. of 6705 live births during the study period 346 births ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if gestational age of prior preterm delivery influences a woman's receipt of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHP-C). METHODS Retrospective cohort of women eligible for 17-OHP-C at Duke Obstetrics Clinic were identified by medical record review. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted. Results. Of 104 eligible subjects, 82 (78.8%) were offered 1...

OBJECTIVE Spontaneous labor at term involves the activation of placental corticotropin-releasing hormone and the fetal adrenal axis, but the basis for extreme preterm labor is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether placental corticotropin-releasing hormone is activated in extreme preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN One thousand five hundred six mothers delivering at less than 28 weeks' gesta...

OBJECTIVE To explore the association between breastfeeding support and breastfeeding among late preterm (gestation 34-36 weeks) and term (gestation ≥37 weeks) infants. METHODS Secondary analysis of the UK 2010 Infant Feeding Survey. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of breastfeeding support with breastfeeding at 10 days and 6 weeks in late preterm and term infants. R...

conclusions: the increased survival of preterm infants was not associated with lower complications. there is now increasing evidence of sustained adverse outcomes into school age and adolescence, for preterm infants. results: cerebral palsy especially spastic diplegia, intellectual disability, visual (retinopathy of prematurity) and hearing impairments are the main neurodevelopmental disorders ...

The objective of this study was to identify possible changes in mRNA and protein expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and its suggested receptors - receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 - in human cervix during pregnancy, term and preterm labor. Cervical biopsies were taken from 58 women: 20 at preterm labor, 24 at term l...

“Late-preterm birth” refers to babies born between 34 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. During the past decade in the United States, the delivery of late preterm infants has increased by 14%. There are approximately 500,000 preterm births (births before 37 completed weeks of gestation), which account for 12.5% of live births in the United States annually. Of these preterm births, more than 70% (approx...