The placement of intermediary cement bases under deep preparations for amalgam restorations is a recommended procedure in restorative dentistry. The base is of low thermal conductivity and thus protects the pulp from thermal shock.1 Bases should also possess sufficient strength to withstand the forces of condensation and mastication transmitted through the amalgam restoration.2'3 The effect of ...

A significant problem with most field dental units is that their suction is too weak to effectively remove debris from the mouth. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum clinically acceptable suction level for routine dentistry. A vacuum pump was connected to a high-volume dental evacuation line in a simulated clinical setting and different suction airflow rates were evaluated by...

The Economics of Altruistic Punishment and the Demise of Cooperation Explaining the evolution and maintenance of cooperation among unrelated individuals is one of the fundamental problems in biology and the social sciences. Recent experimental evidence suggests that altruistic punishment is an important mechanism to maintain cooperation among humans. In this paper we explore the boundary condit...

The visual image formed on the retina represents an amalgam of visual scene properties, including the reflectances of surfaces, their relative positions, and the type of illumination. The challenge facing the visual system is to extract the "meaning" of the image by decomposing it into its environmental causes. For each local region of the image, that extraction of meaning is only possible if i...

An unusual case of a second maxillary molar with a dilacerated root visible clinically is described. Apicectomy followed by retrograde amalgam filling was performed whereby gingival coverage and gingival seal was achieved.

Scholars have long debated the nature and basis of political power in complex societies, and ideology has figured prominently in their debates as a force explaining and actively validating the social order. "An ideology tells the members of a group who they are and explains their relations to one another, to people outside the group, to the past and future, to nature, and to the cosmos" (Conrad...

The genome of the platypus has been sequenced, assembled, and annotated by an international genomics team. Like the animal itself the platypus genome contains an amalgam of mammal, reptile, and bird-like features.

We give a complete characterization of the continuity of pseudodifferential operators with symbols in modulation spaces M, acting on a given Lebesgue space L. Namely, we find the full range of triples (p, q, r), for which such a boundedness occurs. More generally, we completely characterize the same problem for operators acting on Wiener amalgam space W (L, L) and even on modulation spaces M . ...