INTRODUCTION Vaccine responses are often reduced in the elderly, leaving part of the elderly population vulnerable to infectious diseases. Timely vaccination may offer a solution for strengthening memory immunity before reaching old age, which classifies middle-aged persons as a target age group for vaccine interventions. However, knowledge regarding the immunogenicity of primary immunizations ...

In 2003, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred in The Netherlands. The avian H7N7 virus causing the outbreak was also detected in 88 humans suffering from conjunctivitis or mild respiratory symptoms and one person who died of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here we describe a mouse model for lethal infection with A/Netherlands/219/03 isolated from the fata...

This study evaluated the effect of Matricaria chamomilla and vaccination frequency on cattle immunization against rabies. Four groups (n = 15 /group) were treated with or without Matricaria chamomilla CH12 and vaccinated with one or two doses of rabies vaccine (30 day interval). No effect of chamomile was found on cattle immunization against rabies; however, antibody titers were protective in c...

Women remain at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection for most of their lives. The duration of protection against HPV-16/18 from prophylactic vaccination remains unknown. We investigated the 10-year immune response and long-term safety profile of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine) in females aged between 15 and 55 years at first vaccination. Females who receiv...

BACKGROUND Shifts in peak measles incidence to children <12 months old and the associated high mortality support the study of an early 2-dose measles vaccine regimen. METHODS Fifty-five infants were vaccinated with measles vaccine at age 6 (n=32) or 9 (n=23) months, followed by measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)-II vaccine at age 12 months. A control group received MMR-II only at age 12 months. Meas...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the H1N1 2009 vaccine in HIV-positive individuals. DESIGN A single-arm study. SETTING Clinic at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. PARTICIPANTS HIV-infected adults with an indication for H1N1 vaccination. INTERVENTION Single intramuscular 15 microg dose of the monovalent, unadjuvanted, i...

BACKGROUND The meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccine was introduced into the United Kingdom with licensure based on immunogenicity data not efficacy data. METHODS All subjects with laboratory-confirmed meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) disease from January 2000 to December 2003 in England and Wales were followed up. A vaccine failure was defined as a laboratory-confirmed case of Me...

Dear Sir: In a recent article, Edupuganti and others reported a clinical study of co-administration of subcutaneous yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine (YF-VAX Ò ; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) and intramuscular immune serum globulin (ISG) (amaSTAN S/D Ò ; Talecris Biotherapeutics, Research Triangle Park, NC) or saline placebo. 1 The study was designed to test whether co-administration of vaccine and...

background: it seems that the incidence of pertussis-like illnesses is considerably increasing despite the wide coverage of immunization with the whole cell pertussis vaccine. we aimed to investigate the occurrence of pertussis in vaccinated children by measuring anti-pertussis antibodies. methods: in this cross-sectional study, blood samples were taken from vaccinated children aged 2, 4, 6, 12...