Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis control and tissue damage relate to the effector immune response, which in turn affects clinical outcome. Leishmania reactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are expanded in long-term healed cutaneous leishmaniasis (hCL) patients but their functional characteristics remain to be determined. This study investigates antigen-specific recall in long-term healed CL caused...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important intestinal pathogen in swine. This study was performed to document the early cellular invasion of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in swine ileum. Ileal gut-loops were surgically prepared in ten 4- to 5-week-old mixed-breed pigs and inoculated for 0-60 minutes. Loops were harvested and prepared for both scanning and transmission electron mic...

cobalt oxide (co3o4) nanoparticleshave been synthesized by hydrothermal method using mixture of cobalt(ii)chloride, triton x-100 and koh in an autoclave at 180 °c for 6 h followed by heating at 400 ºc for 3 h in air. the product have been characterized by fourier transform infrared (ft-ir), uv-vis spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and transmission ...

A high number of Leishmania-responder T cells is found in cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions, suggesting that important immunological events occur at the site of infection. Although activated, cytotoxic and regulatory T cells infiltrating into lesions may influence disease pathogenesis, the role of the T cell differentiation pattern of lymphocytes in lesions is unknown. Our aim was to investigate ...

Background: Bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles are amongst the most promising class of biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration because of their distinctive properties of rapid bone bonding, controlled biodegradability and their ability to stimulate new bone growth. Despite the vast interest in BG scaffolds in medical applications, the synthesis of bioactive glass nanoparticles is still facing...

Objective(s): The Muller cell is the principal glial cell of the vertebrate retina. The expression of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the Muller cells was used as a cellular marker for retinal damage. This study was done to evaluate the effect of gestational diabetes on retinal Muller cells in rat's offspring. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 12 Wistar rat dams were ...

End-stage differentiation of antigen-specific T-cells may precede loss of immune responses against e.g. viral infections after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells detected by HLA/peptide multimers largely comprise CD45RA-/CCR7- effector memory (TEM) and CD45RA+/CCR7- TEMRA subsets. A majority of terminally differentiated T-cells is considered to be part of ...

Magnetotactic bacteria biomineralize ordered chains of uniform, membrane-bound magnetite or greigite nanocrystals that exhibit nearly perfect crystal structures and species-specific morphologies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a critical technique for providing information regarding the organization of cellular and magnetite structures in these microorganisms. However, conventional T...