The Saint Petersburg Metro was opened on 15 November 1955. It is the second largest subway in Russia after Moscow Metro. St. has stagnated since early 2000s. This causes many problems for transport network, such as high congestion of surface transport, especially new areas city where there no underground line. Also, misallocation traffic, small number regular and interchange stations per multi-...

The Multipath Enhanced Transit Router Organization (metro) is a exible routing architecture for high-performance, tightly-coupled, multiprocessors and routing hubs. A metro router is a dilated crossbar routing component supporting half-duplex bidirec-tional, pipelined, circuit-switched connections. Each metro router is self-routing and supports dynamic message traac. The routers works in conjun...

To improve the energy-efficiency of transport systems, it is necessary to investigate electric trains with on-board hybrid energy storage devices (HESDs), which are applied assist traction and recover regenerative energy. In this paper, a time-based mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model proposed obtain energy-saving operation for different constraints HESDs, such as their capacity, init...

Emerging high-speed metropolitan Ethernets create new opportunities to save costs when converging data and telephony services. However, connecting GSM and UMTS base stations over metropolitan Ethernets require these networks to meet stringent QoS requirements in the presence of bursty data traffic. To investigate this problem, we have probed ETH’s campus network, which spans the metropolitan ar...

Every day thousands of individuals in the greater DC area use the WMATA Metro system to get from place to place. The Metro has collected a lot of information on riders including when and where they pass through turnstiles. In “the spirit of open data and collaboration,” the Metro has released data on stationto-station rider counts (1). The release was an open invitation for the public to analyz...

background and objectives: electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields can act as stress factors with different effects on biological systems. due to the nutritional and medicinal values, and the increasing electromagnetic radiations, the present study was performed to investigate the effects of the electromagnetic field on the developmental stages and cytotoxic properties of okra. methods: b...

introduction: electroporation is a practical technique used to transport the molecules across the cell membrane. the utilization of fluorescent molecules is the method widely used to evaluate the electropermeability of cell membrane as a result of pulse application. it is also possible to use mathematical methods to predict the changes caused in cell electropermeability as a result of the chang...

What if {a tourist, a train addict, Dr. Sheldon Cooper, somebody who likes to waste time} wants to visit all metro lines or carriages in a given network in a minimum number of steps? We study this problem with an application to the Parisian metro network and propose optimal solutions thanks to mathematical programming tools. Quite surprisingly, it appears that you can visit all 16 Parisian metr...