Antigen receptor locus V(D)J recombination requires interactions between widely separated variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments, but the mechanisms that generate these interactions are not well understood. Here we assessed mechanisms that direct developmental stage-specific long-distance interactions at the Tcra/Tcrd locus. The Tcra/Tcrd locus recombines Tcrd gene segments ...

Context: The relationship between polymorphisms in the location of cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and lung cancer has been investigated many studies. Accordingly, present meta-analysis study focused on TNF-α-238 gene cancer. Methods: Articles were collected from Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed electronic databases until 2022. articles searched based keywords “Lung cancer,” “238 Gene”, “t...

Pine needle diseases, such as red band and brown spot blight, are serious pine diseases that threatens forests in many countries. Several outbreaks have been reported resulting loss of productivity mortality both exotic native plantations Pinus spp. Symptomatology these two is quite similar characterized by the appearance yellowish areas/bands on hosts’ leaves subsequently lead to more extensiv...

High viral tolerance coupled with an extraordinary regulation of the immune response makes bats a great model to study host-pathogen evolution. Although many immune-related gene gains and losses have been previously reported in bats, important families such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remain understudied. We built exhaustive bioinformatic pipeline targeting major defensins cathelicidins ex...

We have evaluated the potential use of various polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer [dendrimer, generation (G) 2-4] conjugates with cyclodextrins (CyDs) as novel DNA and RNA carriers. Among the various dendrimer conjugates with CyDs, the dendrimer (G3) conjugate with α-CyD having an average degree of substitution (DS) of 2.4 [α-CDE (G3, DS2)] displayed remarkable properties as DNA, shRNA and siRNA ...

background: there is no convenient cheap pragmatic experimental model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nash). we aimed to create a pragmatic model of nafld/nash. methods: sprague-dawley rats were fed a high-fat, high sugar homemade diet ad libitum for seven weeks. the high-fat, high sugar diet included 59% of energy derived from fat, 30% from carbohydra...

BACKGROUND Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone (α-MSH) has marked anti-inflammatory potential. Proinflammatory cytokines are critical mediators of the disturbed cartilage homeostasis in osteoarthritis, inhibiting anabolic activities and increasing catabolic activities in chondrocytes. Since human chondrocytes express α-MSH receptors, we evaluated the role of the peptide in modulating chondrocy...

Background: Pre-eclampsia is the most common critical condition during pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) increase in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, compared to normal pregnant women. Objective: To investigate the polymorphisms of IL-1β (C+3954T), TNF-α (G- 308A), and (G-238A) in preeclemptic women northeastern Iran. Me...

Various species of phytopathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae were identified previously from pistachio trees worldwide. Disease symptoms caused by pathogens in Botryosphaeriaceae on pistachio include panicle and shoot blight, leaf defoliation, fruit discoloration and decay. In this study species of Botryosphaeriaceae were collected from blighted pistachio shoots in Arizona, USA, and Greece. The aims o...