Catch-up growth, a risk factor for later obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and an accelerated rate for recovering fat mass, i.e., catch-up fat. To identify potential mechanisms in the link between hyperinsulinemia and catch-up fat during catch-up growth, we studied the in vivo action of insulin on glucose utilization in skeletal muscle a...

Catch-up growth early in life (after fetal, neonatal or infantile growth retardation) is a major risk factor for later obesity, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. These risks are generally interpreted alongside teleological arguments that environmental exposures which hinder growth early in life lead to programming of 'thrifty mechanisms' that are adaptive during the period of limited...

OBJECTIVES To examine predictors of partial and full measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination catch-up between 3 and 5 years. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of the nationally representative Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). SETTING Children born in the UK, 2000-2002. PARTICIPANTS 751 MCS children who were unimmunised against MMR at age 3, with immunisation information at age 5. MAIN OU...

This study is intended to conduct an extended evaluation of sustainability based on the material flow analysis of resource productivity. We first present updated information on the material flow analysis (MFA) database in Taiwan. Essential indicators are selected to quantify resource productivity associated with the economy-wide MFA of Taiwan. The study also applies the IPAT (impact-population-...

The ongoing trend towards livestock product consumption in many Asian countries has been accompanied by growth in some countries’ imports of feedgrains for their domestic livestock sectors. It has also has put pressure on available grain supplies for human consumption. With regard to China, this contributes to the ongoing debate over future levels of her grain imports. Yet published projections...

We analyze how technology transfer from a leading economy affects followers’ productivity growth in manufacturing sectors and Gross Domestic Product. Allowing for heterogeneous technology levels we explore how this impacts rates of catch-up in labor productivity across manufacturing sectors and GDP for 16 OECD nations. Our results indicate that aggregate studies bias downward the estimated rate...

Undernutrition during fetal and postnatal life is still a major problem in many low- and middle-income countries. Even in high-income countries malnutrition may exist in cases of intrauterine growth retardation, as well as in chronic conditions such as anorexia nervosa and inflammatory bowel disease. Children adopted from developing countries are often chronically malnourished. Nutritional reha...