The formal and informal structures of firms and their external linkages have an important bearing on the rate and direction of innovation. This paper explores the properties of different types of firms with respect to the generation of new technology. Various archetypes are recognized and an effort is made to match organization structure to the type of innovation. The framework is relevant to t...

The singularity space consists of all germs (X, x), with X a Noetherian scheme and x a point, where we identify two such germs if they become the same after an analytic extension of scalars. This is a Polish space for the metric given by the order to which infinitesimal neighborhoods agree after base change. In other words, the classification of singularities up to analytic extensions of scalar...

We examine here the nature of the central singularity forming in the spherically symmetric collapse of a dust cloud and it is shown that this is always a strong curvature singularity where gravitational tidal forces diverge powerfully. An important consequence is that the nature of the naked singularity forming in the dust collapse turns out to be stable against the perturbations in the initial...

Oliphant [5, 6] contends that language is the only naturally-occurring, learned symbolic communication system, because only humans can accurately observe meaning during the cultural transmission of communication. This paper outlines several objections to Oliphant’s argument. In particular, it is argued that the learning biases necessary to support learned symbolic communication may not be commo...

We study the formation of black strings from a gravitational collapse of cylindrical dust clouds in the three-dimensional low-energy string theory. A new junction condition for the dilaton as well as two junction conditions for metrics and extrinsic curvatures between both regions of the clouds is presented. As a consequence, it is found that the collapsing dust cloud always collapses to a blac...

A qualitative study using grounded theory methods was conducted to (a) examine what philosophy of technology assumptions are present in the thinking of K-12 technology leaders, (b) investigate how the assumptions may influence technology decision making, and (c) explore whether technological determinist assumptions are present. Subjects involved technology directors and instructional technology...

Virtual collaboration has become an essential part of how work gets done in organizations today and knowing how to collaborate virtually is an important skill for success. Courses with team projects may include a virtual component, but rarely is there any explicit education on how best to engage in virtual collaboration. The topic is a complex one that takes into account a wide variety of issue...

This work concerns the factorization of a second order elliptic boundary value problem defined in a star-shaped bounded regular domain, in a system of uncoupled first order initial value problems, using the technique of invariant embedding. The family of domains is defined by a homothety. The method yields an equivalent formulation to the initial boundary value problem by a system of two uncoup...

This paper is concerned with empirical approaches within the field of evolutionary economics. Evolutionary economics devotes special emphasis on the heterogeneity of actors with respect to their technological performance as well as to their inventive and innovative success. This causes major methodological problems which require appropriate measures and methods for their solution. This article ...