In the process of continuous casting, the melted steel from the melting pot is passed, through the intermediary of the distributor, in the water-cooled crystallizer tank. In this way, a crust forms here which is solidified at the exterior, and one of the great problems is its cracking or even its tearing, due to several factors. This phenomenon determines the stopping of the technologic process...

The use of ultrasound has developed over the last 50 years into an indispensable first-line test for the cardiac evaluation of symptomatic patients. The technologic miniaturization and improvement in transducer technology, as well as the implementation of educational curriculum changes in residency training programs and specialty practice, have facilitated the integration of focused cardiac ult...

Epidemiologic studies are subject to social and cultural influences, which can influence the way samples are identified or included and information is collected. In this commentary, the author highlights issues related to several factors that may influence current research methods, such as changes in telephone use and new ethical guidelines. Technologic developments that have the potential to p...

This article presents the inclusion of historical aspect to be considered within the holistic view of the web sites development process. In this new aspect, the goal is to comparatively analyze a new project in relation to other projects developed, to find common elements between them (number of hits for a period of time, graphic elements number, routes to be followed, interaction with multi-ch...

This paper analyzes the level of scientific collaboration and interaction in different subject fields using a novel social network analysis (SNA) on a data set provided by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Scientific and Technologic Information (OSTI) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This paper not only determines the level of scientific collaboration between different disciplines, but it also a...

Cardiac CT (CCT) is rapidly evolving as a noninvasive imaging modality. Newer technologic developments in CCT allow the comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular anatomy, including the coronary arteries. There are special considerations regarding obtaining and accurately interpreting CCT studies. On completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the issues related to adequat...

SUMMARY Technologic advances in CT have generated a dramatic increase in the number of CT studies, with a resultant increase in the radiation dose related to CT scanning. Such increase in radiation dose is becoming a concern for the radiology community, especially with increasing public awareness of the dose burden related to examinations. To cope with the increase in CT-related radiation expos...

Although technologic advances have permitted quantitative insights into nystagmus analysis, the clinician should not be daunted. Many useful, often diagnostic, observations can be made by physical examination alone. Figures 1 and 2 are examples of one convenient method of diagramming nystagmus. Also, nystagmus can be further described when the globes are inspected under slit-lamp magnification ...

Photobioreactor design is a subject of great relevance for the attainment of a sustained development in modern technology, and has also considerable interest from the basic scientific and technologic point of view. The aim of the present review paper is presenting and comparing some of the recent attempts by the authors of modelling photosynthesis in reactors. A short inspection of the kinetic ...

Recent years have witnessed a remarkable increase in our knowledge and understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of human diseases. During the past 2 decades, technologic innovations revolutionized molecular and cell biology. Significant progress in the understanding of the molecular– genetic mechanisms of many diseases has been achieved with the advent of the modern molecular–biologi...