stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. they are found in multicellular organisms. in mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. in ad...

background chronic allograft nephropathy(can)  is one of the most common causes of chronic and end stage renal disease. it  is defined with mainly tubular atrophy and  interstitial fibrosis and no evidence of any other etiology, or functional disorder that caused at least three months after transplantation . control of risk factors (htn,dm,hlp, …) and limiting  usage of calcineurin inhibitors o...

background gelatin and chitosan are known as biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers.these biopolymers have recently receivedincreasingly more attention for tissueengineering.the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effects of gelatin-chitosan film on bone marrow stromal cell(bmscs) culture in rat.                                                  material & methods: first, gelatin...

background cleft palate (cp) is a common congenital defect. it makes serious difficulties for cleft-affected children. the gold standard of care is autogenous bone grafting which may cause additional problems in donor site along with disappointing results. tissue engineering is a promising solution for a widespread range of defects and disorders. it is reasonable to utilize this novel technolog...

background: mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are multipotent cells, capable of differentiating into different cell lines.they can sense their surrounding biochemical and biophysical factors, which play major roles in their differentiation toward different phenotypes. therefore, the exposure of these cells to endothelial growth factor (vegf) as well as hemodynamic biomechanical forces, which act on...

EXTENDED ABSTRACT This paper details the construction of a high resolution, stereoscopic rear-projection display specially optimized for collaborative, computer-based surgical planning. The projection display was designed to improve the image quality, reduce floor space, and to address a number of drawbacks that exist in the use of other, more general-purpose projection displays for this task. ...

This paper explores the validity of a contextual approach to development research, the Temporal Logic Model. It does so, through the presentation of a case study evaluation of internally displaced people assistance in Colombia. The analysis concentrates on the relationships existing among the political and technical dimensions of traditional closesystem development research methods, such as the...

For applications with certain properties (well-defined technical domain, technical vocabulary, simple grammatical style), use of a controlled language can enhance the accuracy of knowledge-based machine translation (Baker, et al., 1994). In the continuing development of the KANT system (Mitamura, et al., 1991; Mitamura and Nyberg, 1995), we have explored different sublanguage techniques which l...

In this paper I review research and development in the area of low temperature polysilicon (p-Si) formation for application in advanced display systems. A brief introduction to the scope of these efforts and the market for this technology is given, followed by a presentation of the methods that are being developed to meet these objectives. The technical merits and demerits of various approaches...

The summary and key ideas of a technical paper is textual in the form of keywords, abstracts, introductions and conclusions. More can certainly be done to improve the presentation of information in long papers, especially ones with long sentences. We present representations of a technical paper at three granularities the document level, the paragraph level, and the sentence level, to aid in the...