The market for abortion in the U.S. has become increasingly concentrated in recent years and many states have tightened abortion regulations aimed at providers. Using unique data on abortion providers I estimate a dynamic model of entry, exit and service provision which captures the effect of regulation on provider behavior. High fixed costs explain the growth of large clinics and estimates sho...

We explore the effectiveness of matching grants when lower levels of government can expropriate some of the funds for other uses. Using data on the Medicaid Disproportionate Share program, we identify states that were most able to expropriate funds. Payments to public hospitals in these states were systematically diverted and had no significant impact on patient mortality. Payments that were no...

Distributing subsidized health products through existing health infrastructure could substantially and cost-effectively improve health in sub-Saharan Africa. There is, however, widespread concern that poor governance - in particular, limited health worker accountability - seriously undermines the effectiveness of subsidy programs. We audit targeted bednet distribution programs to quantify the e...

the purpose of this study, determining the optimal cultivation pattern by using interval mathematical programming approach among the farmers of esfarayen county before and after targeting the subsidies. for this purpose, farmers based on water resources classified in three group of using the river water, deep wells water and rainfed cultivation. the required data for this study has been obtaine...

This article provides evidence on the role of consumer food subsidies in improving nutritional intake and diet quality by evaluating the expansion of the government food assistance program coverage in the hunger prone state of Odisha in India. In 8 districts of Odisha, popularly known as the Kalahandi-Balangir-Koraput (KBK) region which is notable for extreme poverty and starvation deaths, the ...

Executive Summary This paper reviews budget expenditure trends in Tamil Nadu and the key indicators of fiscal performance, during the period 1980/81-1998/99. The review indicates the emergence of large and persistent current and fiscal deficits from 1987/88. Revenue financed expenditures have grown rapidly as successive five year plans have led to increasing magnitudes of committed non-plan dev...

Since their independence, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have used input subsidies to increase agricultural productivity and improve food security. We analyse the effects of both a fertiliser seed subsidy on farming households' land allocation among crops crop diversity Burkina Faso. Although previous studies investigated either impact or targeted crops, few examined combined. Applying co...

Multiple tax subsidies are available to many buyers and sellers of health insurance. These subsidies have the potential of creating excess demand for health insurance, which in turn can create excess demand for health services. A review of the literature on the effects of the tax subsidies on the price of health care shows that these subsidies, by raising prices in the medical sector, constrain...

Subsidies are a widespread practice to allow consumers to get their mobile handsets at deep discount, or even for free. Recently, with 3G and subsequent requirements on sophisticated and costly handsets, subsidies are being reconsidered both in subsidized and non-subsidized markets. In this paper, we analyse the requirements for subsidies with respect to economic efficiency. Using a simplified ...

This paper describes the role of public transport and incidence of transport subsidies in Mumbai, India, where public transport is used for over 75% of all motorized trips. On average, expenditure on public transit constitutes a larger share of income for the poor than for the middle class. However, a larger fraction of transit users are middle class. In terms of incidence, the poorest 27% of t...