The fine structure of mitochondria and mitochondrial nucleoids in exponentially growing Physarum polycephalum was studied at various periods throughout the mitochondrial division cycle by light and electron microscopy. The mitochondrial nucleoid elongates lingitudinally while the mitochondrion increases in size. When the nucleoid reaches a length of approximately 1.5 mum the mitochondrial membr...

What is Physarum? Physarum, or more precisely Physarum polycephalum, is an acellular slime mold, or myxogastrid. Myxogastrids are closely related to the cellular slime molds, or dictyostelids, including the well known Dictyostelium discoideum. Physarum is more distantly related to the protostelids (together these groups are discussed as the eumycetozoans, or ‘true’ slime molds) and very distant...

We study the formation of transportation networks of the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum after fragmentation by shear. Small fragments, called microplasmodia, fuse to form macroplasmodia in a percolation transition. At this topological phase transition, one single giant component forms, connecting most of the previously isolated microplasmodia. Employing the configuration model of graph t...

Studies of four mating types of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium giganteum revealed that each strain secrets its own sexual hormone to which each of the other three strains responds by forming macrocysts. Based on the ability to secrete or respond to hormone, the four strains can be arranged in a mating-type hierarchy.

A fundamental question in nutritional biology is how distributed systems maintain an optimal supply of multiple nutrients essential for life and reproduction. In the case of animals, the nutritional requirements of the cells within the body are coordinated by the brain in neural and chemical dialogue with sensory systems and peripheral organs. At the level of an insect society, the requirements...

There have been many attempts for realization of emergent computing, but the notion of emergent computing is still ambiguous. In an open system, emergence and an error cannot be specified distinctly, because they are dependent on the dis-equilibration process between local and global behaviors. To manifest such an aspect, we implement a Boolean gate as a biological device made of slime mold Phy...

Mutants of Physarum polycephalum can be complemented by fusion of plasmodial cells followed by cytoplasmic mixing. Complementation between strains carrying different mutational defects in the sporulation control network may depend on the signaling state of the network components. We have previously suggested that time-resolved somatic complementation (TRSC) analysis with such mutants may be use...

Routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an extremely challenging issue due to the features of WSNs. Inspired by the large and single-celled amoeboid organism, slime mold Physarum polycephalum, we establish a novel selecting next hop model (SNH). Based on this model, we present a novel Physarum-based routing scheme (P-bRS) for WSNs to balance routing efficiency and energy equilibrium. In P...