Megacities concentrate large amounts of people, absorb a large quantity of resources and generate vast amounts of waste and sewage, thereby contributing considerably to the use of the environment as a sink. The quantity of resources consumed and urban residues produced per capita tend to rise steadily with increased per capita income. Proper management of municipal solid waste is critical to th...

This paper utilized system dynamics modeling as a new analytical approach to predict both the municipal waste generated and the associated disposal costs in developing areas. This approach facilitates the decomposition of general waste into its main components to enable municipalities to manage recyclables and find out the feasibility of performing recycling better rather than disposal by perfo...

tehran has a population of over 12 million and produces more than 7500 tons of waste every day. tehran’s municipal solid waste is processed and landfilled at kahrizak disposal center. due to inappropriate waste management, a lake with a leachate volume of 180,000m3 has been formed. to solve this problem a leachate treatment plant is currently under construction. a byproduct of leachate treatmen...

a study of the biokinetics of anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste (msw) was carried out using anaerobic batch digester. from the experimental results, the kinetic parameters (coefficient values) of the digestion of the msw were determined. the maximum rate of substrate utilization (k), saturation constant (ks), endogenous decay coefficient (kd), biomass yield or microbial growth yield ...

Public-private partnerships in urban environmental services have witnessed increased interest in recent years primarily to reform the weak performance of the public sector, reduce cost, improve efficiency, and ensure environmental protection. In this context, successful public-private partnerships require a thorough analysis of opportunities, a deliberate attention to process details, and a con...

The main purpose of this study is to reduce the production cost of cellulase by optimizing the production medium and using an alternative carbon source such as municipal solid waste residue. In the present investigation, we aim to isolate the two novel cellulase producing fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp.) from municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste residue (4-5% (w/v)) and pep...

in order to study the effects of drought stress and municipal compost on quantitive characteristics in peppermint , a green house experiment in a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2009 at university of zabol. treatments included: three irrigation levels %100 field capacity(control),%80 field capacity(mild stress) and %60 field capacity...

Attempts should be made to recycle, re–use and utilize waste. Paper manufacturing is a complex industry involving multiple processes where different products are produced and large quantities of waste of primary, biological or de–inking origin are generated, waste water treatment sludge, primary sludge, and secondary sludge among them.1,2 The primary sludge is generated in the largest quantitie...