Ethnic admixtures may interfere with the definition of type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk determinants. The role of HLA, PTPN22, INS-VNTR, and CTLA4 in T1D predisposition was analyzed in Brazilian T1D patients (n = 915), with 81.7% self-reporting as white and 789 controls (65.6% white). The results were corrected for population stratification by genotyping 93 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) (BeadXp...

The prevalence of celiac disease autoimmunity or tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) amongst patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in the Chinese population remains unknown. This study examined the rate of celiac disease autoimmunity amongst patients with T1D and AITD in the Chinese population. The study included 178 patients with type 1 diabetes and...

OBJECTIVE To explore whether a family history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased incidence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Individuals with T1D were identified from the nationwide Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register and Swedish Outpatient Register in Sweden and were linked to the Swedish Multi-Generati...

CYP3A4, the most abundant cytochrome P450 enzyme in the human liver and small intestine, is responsible for the metabolism of about 50% of all marketed drugs. Numerous pathophysiological factors, such as diabetes and obesity, were shown to affect CYP3A activity. Evidences suggest that drug disposition is altered in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective was to evaluate the effect...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing ? cells of pancreas are destroyed by T lymphocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that monitoring for pancreatic islet autoantibodies, combined with genetic risk assessment, can identify most children who will develop T1D when they still sufficient cell function to control glucose concentrations without need insuli...

The insulin (INS) region is the second most important locus associated with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). The study of the DNA methylation pattern of the 7 CpGs proximal to the TSS in the INS gene promoter revealed that T1D patients have a lower level of methylation of CpG -19, -135 and -234 (p = 2.10(-16)) and a higher methylation of CpG -180 than controls, while methylation was comparable for CpG -6...

Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in type 1 diabetics (T1D). T1D patients have increased coronary artery calcification (CAC) compared to nondiabetics. We hypothesize that myocardial blood flow (MBF) reserve can be measured in long-standing T1D patients using regadenoson stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) perfusion imaging and is a marker of extensive ather...

OBJECTIVE To examine the cross-sectional association between physical activity (PA) and hippocampal volume in middle-aged adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D), and whether hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity contribute to this relationship. METHODS We analyzed neuroimaging and self-reported PA data from 79 adults with T1D from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complicatio...

OBJECTIVE To examine the loss of glucagon response to hypoglycemia and its relationship with residual β-cell function early in the course of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-one youth with T1D duration <1 year (ages 8-18 years, T1D duration 6-52 weeks) underwent mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) to assess residual β-cell function and hypoglycemic clamps to a...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune attack of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells. T1D autoimmunity is associated with particular MHC or HLA types in mouse or humans. T1D autoimmunity arises from defects in both central negative selection and peripheral regulation of autoreactive T cells as well as intrinsic defects of B cells. Current therapies that target at improving periphe...