The non-linear relation between electric polarization and electric field strength is achieved through introducing the retarded electromagnetic interactions between classical charge particles. The result agrees with the phenomenological theory in current non-linear optics, means that the non-linear phenomena in optics come from the retarded electromagnetic interaction between charged particles. ...

Association analysis is a useful method for evaluation of significant association between molecular marker and phenotype of trait. This study was performed to evaluate association between traits related with powdery mildew resistance and molecular markers. This investigation was performed using 77 barley genotypes and AFLP markers. In phenotypic evaluation, reaction of seedlings to powdery mild...

Gene expression data sets have recently been exploited to study genetic factors that modulate complex traits. However, it has been challenging to establish a direct link between variation in patterns of gene expression and variation in higher order traits such as neuropharmacological responses and patterns of behavior. Here we illustrate an approach that combines gene expression data with new b...

Genetic modifications of agronomic crops will likely be necessary to cope with global climate change. Projected changes in global climate nclude increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperatures (T) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation which have significant ffects on plants, however, their interactions are not clearly known to date. In this study we tested the hypothesis ...

BACKGROUND Renal failure is a serious complication after cardiac surgery, which can be caused by long-term intravenous (IV) loop diuretic use. Tolvaptan is an oral selective vasopressin-2 receptor antagonist used in patients irresponsive to loop diuretics. We investigated their renal perfusion changes using the resistive index (RI) postoperatively. METHODS Serial renal RI, echocardiography, a...

A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) target protein kinase A (PKA) to a variety of subcellular locations. Conventional AKAPs contain a 14-18-amino acid sequence that forms an amphipathic helix that binds with high affinity to the regulatory (R) subunit of PKA type II. More recently, a group of dual specificity AKAPs has been classified on the basis of their ability to bind the PKA type I and the...

and Applied Analysis 3 aij , bij , cik, γik : R → 0, ∞ are all continuous functions bounded above and below by positive constants, and τik t ≥ 0 are bounded continuous functions, ri max1≤j≤l{supt∈Rτij t } > 0, and i, j 1, 2, . . . , n, k 1, 2, . . . , l. Furthermore, in the case Dij t,N aij t − bij t e−N , to guarantee the meaning of mortality terms we assume that aij t > bij t for t ∈ R and i,...

BACKGROUND to determine the usefulness of Doppler ultrasound measurement of resistive index (RI) in differentiating obstructive from non-obstructive hydronephrosis in children. METHODS From August 2011 to November 2012, renal Doppler assessments of the intra-renal renal arteries were performed on 16 children (19 kidneys) with congenital hydronephrosis. the independent t-test was used to asses...