Abiotic stress causes abrupt increase in the expression of stress-associated proteins, which provide tolerance by modulating the defense mechanism of plants. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) and anti-oxidant enzymes are important for environmental stress tolerance of the plants. In this study, two full-length cDNAs encoding small heat shock protein (sHSP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), design...

[This corrects the article on p. 306 in vol. 11, PMID: 29075179.].

Exosomes are small vesicles (60-100 nm) secreted by various cell types upon the fusion of endosomal compartments with the plasma membrane. Exosomes from antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as B lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DC), bear MHC class II molecules. In addition, the injection of DC-derived exosomes was reported to elicit potent T cell responses in vivo. Here, we analyzed the activat...

Background Psoriasis is a complex autoimmune disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. PTPN22 gene polymorphism has been reported to affect psoriasis susceptibility; however, no data are available for Middle Eastern populations. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PTPN22 (1858C/T) R620W polymorphism with psoriasis in a Saudi coho...

Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyases are structure specific DNA-repair enzymes that specialize in the repair of CPDs, the major photoproducts that are formed upon irradiation of DNA with ultraviolet light. The purified enzyme binds a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which is in the neutral radical semiquinone (FADH(*)) form. The CPDs are repaired by a light-driven, electron transfer...

conclusions in lighting conditions, most of t-res was isomerized to the other isomer cis-resveratrol. t-res is unstable in alkali ph and when exposed to light. t-res was quite stable at other conditions, and several freeze-thaw cycles did not have any effect on its stability. results our findings revealed that t-res was quite stable in different temperatures ranging from -70 °c to 25 °c, and ac...

CD4 CD25 T-cells can be used to interfere with spontaneous autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. However, their low frequency and often unknown specificity represent major obstacles to their therapeutic use. Here we have explored the fact that ectopic expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 can confer a suppressor phenotype to naı̈ve CD4 T-cells. We found that retroviral transduction...