A method for the detection of T-2 metabolites was developed and applied to analysis of metabolites in excreta of broiler chickens administered 3H-labeled T-2 toxin. The method used acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with petroleum ether followed by chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2, Florisil, and Sep-Pak C18. The recovery of T-2 toxin added to the chicken excreta was 73% at a concentratio...

Acute and subacute toxicities to cats of T-2 toxin, 12-13 epoxytrichothec mycotoxin from fungi Fusarium species and others, were investigated. Major symptoms of toxicity in cats as the result of T-2 toxin were emesis, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, ataxia of the hind legs, discharge from the eyes and ejection of hemorrhagic fluid. Consecutive administration of the crude and pure sample of T-2 to...

LaeA and VeA coordinate secondary metabolism and differentiation in response to light signals in Aspergillus spp. Their orthologs, ChLae1 and ChVel1, were identified in the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus, known to produce a wealth of secondary metabolites, including the host selective toxin, T-toxin. Produced by race T, T-toxin promotes high virulence to maize carrying Texas male st...

The 42-day long trial was performed on a total of 48 Hybro broilers divided into four groups. After a 14 day pre-experimental period, the experimental groups were treated daily with T-2 toxin at 0.02 mg/kg BW for 7, 14 or 21 days respectively and a mixture of ethanol and physiological saline was administered to the control group of birds. Liver samples were taken after the period of toxin admin...

The present investigation was undertaken to study the immunoprotective effect of seabuckthorn berries and glucomannan against T-2 toxin-induced immunodepression in 15-day-old chicks. T-2 toxin was produced in the laboratory by growing Fusarium sporotrichioides MTCC 2081 on wheat. T-2 toxin was fed to birds at 1 ppm level of the diet. The powdered seabuckthorn berries were added at 400 and 800 p...

During the period 2003–2005, spring and winter cereal grain samples were analysed for the presence of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A and aflatoxin (total) by the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. Mycotoxin DON produced by the fungi of the genus Fusarium was found to be most frequent in Li...

T-2 toxin (3 mg/kg b.w.) was orally inoculated to pregnant mice at 11 days of gestation to examine the effect of T-2 toxin on the developing embryos. At 24 hours after T-2 toxin-inoculation, moderate pyknosis or karyorrhexis was generally observed in some layers of the central nervous system, caudal sclerotomic segment, caudal region of the tongue to pharyngeal- to laryngeal-mesenchyma, trachea...

The transmission of T-2 toxin and its metabolites into the edible tissues of poultry has potential effects on human health. We report that T-2 toxin significantly induces CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 expression in chicken embryonic hepatocyte cells. The enzyme activity assays of CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 heterologously expressed in HeLa cells indicate that only CYP1A5 metabolizes T-2 to 3'OH-T-2 by the 3'-hydroxy...