Memory corruption vulnerabilities are endemic to unsafe languages, such as C, and they can even be found in safe languages that themselves are implemented in unsafe languages or linked with libraries implemented in unsafe languages. Robust compilation mitigates the threat of linking with memory-unsafe libraries. The source language is a Clike language, enriched with a notion of a component whic...

The reliability of a file system considerably depends upon how it deals with on-disk data corruption. A file system should ideally be able to detect and recover from all kinds of data corruptions on disk. ZFS is a new filesystem that arrives almost a generation after the introduction of other desktop filesystems like ext and NTFS and makes strong claims about its reliability mechanisms.In this ...

Recent scholarly attention has focused on weak governance and the negative effects of corruption on the provision of health services. Employing agency theory, this article discusses corruption in the South African health sector. We used a combination of research methods and triangulated data from three sources: Auditor-General of South Africa reports for each province covering a 9-year period; ...

In this paper, the bowtie method was utilized by a multidisciplinary team in Federal Board of Supreme Audit (FBSA)for purpose managing corruption risks threatening Iraqi construction sector. Corruption Iraq is widespread phenomenon that threatens to degrade society and halt wheel economic development, so it must be reduced through appropriate strategies. A total eleven have been identified invo...

Corruption is defined in an occupational choice model as extra fees that must be paid by some entrepreneurs. Higher corruption leads to lower wages and total output. Income inequality follows a Kuznets relationship with both corruption and income. Two types of decentralization of the bribe-setters are distinguished, regional and bureaucratic. When mobility is imperfect, bureaucratic decentraliz...

Corruption, Networking and Foreign Ownership: Recent Evidence from CEE Countries The present paper argues that the effect of corruption on foreign ownership is not necessarily linear and depends on the level of host corruption. So long as the expected returns from foreign investments exceed its expected costs, higher host corruption will be associated with higher foreign ownership. However, cos...

This essay explores the nature, causes, and consequences of corruption as it pertains to entire regimes. Grand corruption is modeled as a type of unproductive rent-seeking at the highest levels of government. The economic costs of corruption are assumed to increase in the decentralization (and relaxation) of its governance, increase convexly in the percentage extracted, and decreasing in the op...

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— Does democracy suffer when corruption is high? Unfortunately, most studies of corruption have been descriptive, making it difficult to develop a well-supported answer to this question. There are, of course, quantitative corruption measures, but the most popularly used of them are measures of corruption perception aggregated at the national level, rather than corruption experience at the indiv...