The sphenoid bone articulates with multiple basicranial, facial, and calvarial bones, in humans its synchondroses are known to contribute elongation of the skull base possibly cranial angulation. Its early development (embryological, fetal) has frequently been studied a comparative context. However, perinatal events morphogenesis have explored very few primates. Using cross-sectional age sample...

Full field of view coronal chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) routinely displays bilateral images of the brachial plexus, surface anatomy, and anatomic structures. Eighty patients had chest radiographs correlated with surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. The PA chest film findings correlated with the surgical findings: smaller thoracic inlet on the concave side of the cervicothoracic spine...

CONTEXT Palpatory skills are a central part of osteopathic manipulative treatment and palpatory diagnosis. The aim of osteopathic structural examination is to locate somatic dysfunction and cranial strain pattern, which are the hallmarks that form the basis for treatment decisions and strategy. In the osteopathic literature, there is a lack of studies evaluating preterm or term newborns during ...

CONTEXT Recent evidence suggests that osteopathic manipulative treatment of somatic dysfunction in newborns may decrease complications and hospital length of stay. Such dysfunction may result from external forces related to the birth process, but its incidence is unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify the incidence and patterns of somatic dysfunction in healthy newborns at least 6 hours after birth a...

BACKGROUND Prenatal tongue development may affect oral-craniofacial structures, but this muscular organ has rarely been investigated. METHODS In order to document the physiology of prenatal tongue growth, we histologically examined the facial and cranial base structures of 56 embryos and 106 fetuses. RESULTS In Streeter's stages 13-14 (fertilization age [FA], 28 to 32 days), the tongue prot...

Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding the heparan sulfate (HS)-synthesizing enzymes EXT1 or EXT2. HME is characterized by formation of cartilaginous outgrowths-called osteochondromas- next to the growth plates of many axial and appendicular skeletal elements. Surprisingly, it is not known whether such tumors a...

This fracture has been variously reported as a developmental anomaly, a synchondrosis or a pseudarthrosis, but most authors now regard it as a true fracture. As far as can be ascertained, only 263 cases of isolated fracture of the first rib have been recorded in the literature and only seventeen of these were bilateral. The majority of the recorded cases have been found incidentally during rout...