BACKGROUND Tumor cells are known to be heterogeneous with respect to their metastatic activity, proliferation rate, and activity of several enzymes. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of tumor angiogenic activity. We investigated whether heterogeneity of angiogenic activity could be responsible for the well-known observation of "no take" of human tumors transplanted into immunodef...

A previously published hydrothermal brine-river water mixing model driven by ocean crust production suggests that the molar Mg/Ca ratio of seawater (mMg/Ca(sw)) has varied significantly (approximately 1.0-5.2) over Precambrian time, resulting in six intervals of aragonite-favouring seas (mMg/Ca(sw) > 2) and five intervals of calcite-favouring seas (mMg/Ca(sw) < 2) since the Late Archaean. To ev...

Introduction: A major objective of GENESIS is to constrain the present day solar wind (SW) Ar, Kr, and Xe isotopic and elemental compositions by direct measurements of SW irradiated artificial samples [1]. Due to the low abundances of heavy noble gases in the SW, until now these compositions could only be inferred from regolith samples which were irradiated by the SW over large time spans [e.g....

The Indian–French Megha-Tropiques mission, scheduled to be launched in 2010, will carry radiation and microwave sensors to study the energy and water cycle in the tropics. The radiation sensor, the third model of the Scanner for Radiation Budget (ScaRaB-3), is dedicated to the earth’s radiation budget, the difference between the solar absorbed flux and the terrestrial emitted flux. These fluxes...

Geoff Potvin and Zahra Hazari STEM Transformation Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, USA Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, USA Department of Teaching & Learning, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, USA (Received 7 February 2015; publishe...

Brain recovery after prolonged wakefulness is characterized by increased density, amplitude and slope of slow waves (SW, <4 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. These SW comprise a negative phase, during which cortical neurons are mostly silent, and a positive phase, in which most neurons fire intensively. Previous work showed, using EEG spectral analysis as an index of cortical sync...

The present work clarifies the relation between domains of universal machines and r.e. prefix-free supersets of such sets. One such characterisation can be obtained in terms of the spectrum function sW (n) mapping n to the number of all strings of length n in the set W . An r.e. prefix-free set W is the superset of the domain of a universal machine iff there are two constants c, d such that sW ...

In der Entwicklung von Elektrik/Elektronik-Architekturen in Fahrzeugen gibt es derzeit den starken Trend hin zu dem Einsatz von Modulkomponenten, die innerhalb eines Automobilherstellers modellübergreifend, teilweise sogar herstellerübergreifend eingesetzt werden. Ziel dieses Ansatzes ist die Reduzierung von Komponentenvarianten durch Wiederverwendung bei gleichzeitiger vereinfachter Ableitung ...

Certain euryhaline teleosts can tolerate media of very high salinity, i.e. greater than that of seawater itself. The osmotic gradient across the integument of these fish is very high and the key to their survival appears to be the enhanced ability of the gill to excrete excess NaCl. These fish provide an opportunity to study morphological and biochemical aspects of transepithelial salt secretio...

The mRNA expression of pituitary prolactin (prl), growth hormone (gh), somatolactin (sl), proopiomelanocortin (pomc), and gonadotropins (gthI and gthII) was quantified by real-time PCR, in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, adapted for 1 month to seawater (SW) or freshwater (FW). In addition, IGF-I (igfI) mRNA expression in liver and branchial Na+/K+ -ATPase activity were determined. L17 ribosomal...