Forest types mapping, is one of the most necessary elements in the forest management and silviculture treatments. Traditional methods such as field surveys are almost time-consuming and cost-intensive. Improvements in remote sensing data sources and classification –estimation methods are preparing new opportunities for obtaining more accurate forest biophysical attributes maps. This research co...

the assessment of the quantitative and qualitative changes, the result of the impacts imposed by natural factors, and human interventions during specific sampling periods has a substantial influence on nature, management method and tending operation of every region’s forests. the present research was carried out in golestan province forests (iran) over an 11- year period and the obtained statis...

The operating hourly cost of the machine is a suitable factor to analyze the cost fluctuation certain machinery in a changing environment and to find of economically feasible work concepts for the studied machine system. This paper, which is based on studies carried out in northern forests of IR-Iran, analyzed and compared costs of four skidding and excavation machines used in timber harvesting...

we investigated the relations among infection intensity of european mistletoe (viscum album l.) with host tree features in nour forest park, located in caspian forests in north of iran. the number of 30 circular plots with an area of 0.1 ha were sampled in all places have an aggregation of infested trees. parameters including dbh, height, distance to stand edge, distance to conspecific tree, ba...

This paper discusses the evolution of the roles of Brazilian women within one of the most prominent organizations of the Amazonian social movement, the National Council of Extractivist Populations (CNS). Between 1990 and 2009, Brazil’s Federal government created 89 extractive and sustainable development reserves in Amazonia, encompassing 24 million hectares. The conceptual underpinning of these...

The ecological impacts of changing forest management practices in Europe are poorly understood despite European forests being highly managed. Furthermore, the effects of potential drivers of forest biodiversity decline are rarely considered in concert, thus limiting effective conservation or sustainable forest management. We present a trait-based framework that we use to assess the detrimental ...