Traditional sustainability reporting is based on an internally developed methodology and does not fully cope with the performance evaluation, especially from external perspective. This study aims to fill this gap by offering a tool that may be used assess company’s results presented users. For purpose, two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) proposed, enables comparison of disclosed in non-fi...

This study examines the association between firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance cost of capital for largest European firms listed on STOXX Euro 600 in a large panel from 2002 to 2018. We find that ESG is priced by both debt equity markets, although different directions. While better associated with lower equity, relationship positive regarding debt. also account indus...

in the recent decades, urbanization has affected social, economical, cultural, political and physical aspects of human life-style. presentation of sustainable development as one of the goals of the third millennium is derived from the effects of cities on earth and on different aspects of human life. undoubtedly, talking about sustainability and sustainable development would be impossible witho...

Organizational sustainability efforts focus on three main areas: people, profit, and the environment (Elkington, 1998). With an increasing emphasis sustainable development, economic entities are concerned with achieving long-term performance, capacity to create value meet needs of interest groups (investors, employees, customers, communities, local development), but also promotion implementatio...