Pure stress-based models of health predict that accumulated stresses promote illnesses result in lower life expectancies. However, mixed subjective preference models, effects stress, seen as negative preference, can potentially be offset by achievement positive personal preferences. According to preventive medicine strategies for promoting operate either alleviating stress or enhancing Over man...

This paper discusses survivable routing for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks. The downside of boosting network capacity through a technology like WDM is increasing network vulnerability. With more than one network operator in South Africa network survivability will be one of the most important and challenging quality of service (QoS) criteria. This paper investigates new network ...

In this paper we discuss the application of a metaheuristic approach based on the Scatter Search to deal with robust optimization of the planning problem in the deploying of the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology on an existing optical fiber network taking into account, in addition to the forecasted demands, the uncertainty in the survivability requirements. Keyword: Netwo...

Survivability, the ability of a system to tolerate intentional attacks or accidental failures or errors, is becoming increasingly important with the extended use of computer systems in society. While techniques such as cryptographic methods, intrusion detection, and traditional fault tolerance are currently being used to improve the survivability of such systems, new approaches are needed to he...

In this paper, we consider vulnerable systems which can have different states corresponding to different combinations of available elements composing the system. Each state can be characterized by a performance rate, which is the quantitative measure of a system’s ability to perform its task. Both the impact of external factors (attack) and internal causes (failures) affect system survivability...

By using an information survivability control system, the survivability of critical networked information systems can be enhanced using a variety of fault-tolerance mechanisms. Essential to the effective implementation of such mechanisms is communication from the error detection component to the various application nodes in the network. In this paper, we introduce a technique called Selective N...

The Willow architecture is a comprehensive approach to survivability in critical distributed applications. Survivability is achieved in a deployed system using a unique combination of (a) fault avoidance by disabling vulnerable network elements intentionally when a threat is detected or predicted, (b) fault elimination by replacing system software elements when faults are discovered, and (c) fa...

Telecommunications carriers suffer large-scale outages that impact hundreds of thousands of subscribers by the improper deployment or operation of otherwise faulttolerant designs. This paper gives examples of such outages in telecommunications signaling, transmission, and power systems. In spite of seven years industry tracking of largescale outages at the national level, the survivability of t...

Survivability, the ability of a system to minimize the impact of a finite-duration disturbance on value delivery, is increasingly recognized beyond military contexts as an enabler for maintaining system performance in the presence of dynamic disturbance environments. This paper attempts to validate a preliminary set of twelve general design principles for survivability through two empirical tes...