In the primary visual cortex (V1), the single-neuron response to a grating stimulus placed in the classical receptive field (CRF) is suppressed by a similar stimulus presented in the CRF surround. To assess the input mechanism underlying the surround suppression, we tested the effects of iontophoretically administered GABA(A)-receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BMI), for the 46 V1 neur...

Most neurons in primate visual area MT have a large, modulatory region surrounding their classically defined receptive field, or center. The velocity tuning of this "surround" is generally antagonistic to the center, making it potentially useful for detecting image discontinuities on the basis of differential motion. Because classical MT receptive fields are also disparity-selective, one might ...

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized in situ on wool powder (WP) under heating conditions. Wool powder not only reduced Au ions to AuNPs, but also provided a support for as-synthesized AuNPs. WPs were treated under different concentrations of Au ions, and corresponding optical features and morphologies of the treated WPs were investigated by UV-VIS diffuse reflectance absorption spectros...

Transcription of the genes encoding the six viral nuclear antigens present in Epstein-Barr virus latently infected lymphocytes can be initiated from one of two promoters (Cp and Wp) mapping near the left end of the viral genome. These promoters are used in a mutually exclusive manner in clonal cell lines established from either Burkitt lymphoma tumors or in vitro infection of peripheral B lymph...

Weighted prediction (WP) is a tool introduced in H.264 to improve motion-compensation performance for video sequences with brightness variations. Various WP models to estimate the parameter set have been discussed in the literature. However, no single WP model works well for all types of brightness variations. A single reference frame multiple WP models (SRefMWP) scheme is proposed to facilitat...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the extent of pathologic response in patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer treated with standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with or without trastuzumab (H), according to hormone receptor (HR) status. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 199 patients with HER2+ breast cancer from three successive cohorts of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy on the...

Insufficient labour income and limited access to employment are critical problems that policy makers must address when designing development strategies in Latin American countries. The persistence of the high incidence of poverty and inequality can be explained largely by the poor performance of labour markets. This Working Paper uses household survey data for Chile, Brazil and Mexico, from the...