There are variations in the onset of cardiovascular events. As diurnal variation, most studies have shown an increased incidence of acute cardiovascular events such as acute myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and stroke in the morning.1 In addition, weekly and seasonal variations in the cardiovascular events have also been reported.2 These variations may be closely associated with amb...

Okada Y, Galbreath MM, Shibata S, Jarvis SS, Bivens TB, Vongpatanasin W, Levine BD, Fu Q. Morning blood pressure surge is associated with arterial stiffness and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive seniors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 305: H793–H802, 2013. First published July 5, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00254.2013.—Morning blood pressure (BP) surge is considered to be an in...

S tatewide, values of average Indiana cropland increased by 14.2% in the year ending in June 1996, nearly double the 7.4% increase a year ago. According to the Purdue land values survey, this is the ninth consecutive year of increasing Indiana land values. Increases of around 35% were registered in both the first and last third of this 9 year period. There was a lull in the upward trend during ...

Through ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, we know that BP usually follows a distinct circadian rhythm, characterized by a nocturnal decline during sleep of 10% to 30%, followed by a moderate-to-marked increase coinciding with the time of awakening.1 For 2 decades, there has been great interest in the early morning period by preventive cardiologists and hypertension specialists, because...

Recent clinical studies demonstrated that an exaggerated morning blood pressure (BP) surge is a risk for cardiovascular events, such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.1–3 Simultaneously, neurohumoral factors and various cardiovascular risk factors are exaggerated in the morning. Although the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear, exaggerated morning BP surge has been closely associated w...