The role of surface freshwater flux boundary conditions in prognostic Arctic Ocean/sea-ice modelling is analysed, using a regional numerical model. Three different applications of freshwater flux formulations are evaluated. The standard formulation, which serves as a benchmark, takes surface volume fluxes due to precipitation, evaporation and river runoff into account. The total freshwater inpu...

A Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) is proposed for the estimation of atmospheric turbulent fluxes and evaporative fraction using satellite earth observation data, in combination with meteorological information at proper scales. SEBS consists of: a set of tools for the determination of the land surface physical parameters, such as albedo, emissivity, temperature, vegetation coverage etc., fr...

A new non-iterative approach has been developed to calculate surface fluxes. The range −5 ≤ RiB < 0, 10 ≤ z/z0 ≤ 105 and −0.5 ≤ ln(z0/z0h) ≤ 30 is divided into eight regions, and in each of the regions, multiple linear regression is performed to obtain non-iterative solutions for surface fluxes. As compared to the other two most recent noniterative schemes, we show that the suggested scheme has...

It is shown that there is a precise sense in which the Heisenberg uncertainty between fluxes of electric and magnetic fields through finite surfaces is given by (one-half h̄ times) the Gauss linking number of the loops that bound these surfaces. To regularize the relevant operators, one is naturally led to assign a framing to each loop. The uncertainty between the fluxes of electric and magnetic...

A conditional sampling based on the combination of a passive tracer emitted at the surface and thermodynamic variables is proposed to characterise organized structures in large-eddy simulations of cloud-free and cloudy boundary layers. The sampling is evaluated against more traditional sampling of dry thermals or clouds. It enables the characterization of convective updrafts from the surface to...

study of terrain including vegetation, water resources, land types including soil texture and classification are cases that require data with high precision. accurate and high quality data can lead us to a better, more accurate results.in this context, remote sensing data is a great tool for the detection and identification of patterns. sebal (surface energy balance algorithm) is a relatively n...

The Common Land Model (CLM), which results from a 3-yr joint effort among seven land modeling groups, has been coupled with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM3). Two 15-yr simulations of CCM3 coupled with CLM and the NCAR Land Surface Model (LSM), respectively, are used to document the relative impact of CLM versus LSM on land surface climate. It is...

Airborne flux measurements of isoprene were performed over the Californian oak belts surrounding the Central Valley. The authors demonstrate for the first time 1) the feasibility of airborne eddy covariance measurements of reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds; 2) the effect of chemistry on the vertical transport of reactive species, such as isoprene; and 3) the applicability of wavelet ...

New observations of the vertically integrated CO2 mixing ratio, 〈CO2〉, from ground-based remote sensing show that variations in 〈CO2〉 are primarily determined by large-scale flux patterns. They therefore provide fundamentally different information than observations made within the boundary layer, which reflect the combined influence of large-scale and local fluxes. Observations of both 〈CO2〉 an...

The theoretical concept and initial test results of a Passive Surface Water Fluxmeter (PSFM) to directly and simultaneously measure cumulative water and solute mass fluxes in surface water flow systems are presented. The PSFM consists of a symmetric hydrofoil that is vertically installed in a stream and one or more sorbent columns that are connected to the nonuniform flow field around the hydro...