Process improvement plays a significant role in reducing production costs over the life cycle of a product. We consider the role of process improvement in a decentralized assembly system in which a buyer purchases components from several first-tier suppliers. These components are assembled into a finished product, which is sold to the downstream market. The assembler faces a deterministic deman...

In this article, a multi objective model is presented to select and allocate the order to suppliers in uncertainty condition and in a multi source, multi customer and multiproduct case in a multi period state at two levels of supply chain. Objective functions considered in this study as the measures to evaluate suppliers are cost including purchase, transportation and ordering costs, timely del...

Nowadays, the capability of cloud management suppliers is one of the important advantages for suppliers that can improve the performance and flexibility and reduce costs in companies through easy access to resources. Also, the environmental impacts of suppliers are a significant issue in today’s industrialization and globalization world. This paper analyzes these subjects by fuzzy multi-objecti...

This research considers situations in which buyers pay to reserve their suppliers' capacity for future use. The study specifically explores whether suppliers should provide transfer rights, allowing unable use all of reserved the excess another buyer, and they charge a fee. finds that, most cases, supplier maximizes financial outcomes when buyer releasing keeps retail-level profit from does not

One can use the Leiden Rankings for grouping research universities by considering universities which are not significantly different as a homogeneous set. Such groupings reduce the complexity of the rankings without losing information. We pursue this classification using both statistical significance and effect sizes of differences among 902 universities in 54 countries; we focus on the UK, Ger...

The exchangeability assumption as defined in this paper on ranking functions seems intuitively natural, and indeed, specific ranking functions previously proposed in the literature are all exchangeable. While pointwise ranking functions are vacuously exchangeable, we now discuss two specifically listwise ranking functions previously proposed by [22] and [26] in light of our representation theor...

This paper is a continuation of the study of surprise as a base for constructing qualitative calculi for representing and reasoning about uncertain knowledge. Here, we further elaborate on κ, a qualitative ranking function which we developed in (Ibrahim, Tawfik, and Ngom 2009b) and which constructs qualitative ranks for events by obtaining the order of magnitude abstraction of the degree of sur...