Evidence suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates conditioned fear memories and has effects on cognitive flexibility via the dopaminergic system. This study examines whether modulation of scopolamine-induced memory deficit by anodal tDCS could be mediated The male NMRI mice received scopolamine, 30 min before conditioning, showed impaired contextual retention. Mice...

in the present study, the effects of pregnant nmri mice restraint stress on the responsibility of their children to the behavioral properties of morphine, sulpiride and dextromethorphan were investigated in the f2 generation. twenty four pregnant nmri female mice (w: 25 g) were divided into the experimental and control groups (n = 12/group). animals in the experimental group were kept in the re...

1. Dopaminergic transmission was investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) of the freshwater snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. 2. The giant pedal neuron, designated as right pedal dorsal one (RPeD1), makes chemical, monosynaptic connections with a number of identified follower cells in the CNS. Previous work has shown that RPeD1 is an interneuron and a important component of the Lymnaea respirat...

The method of trans-striatal dialysis has been applied here to the study of the release and metabolism of dopamine (DA) in the awake rat. DA and its acidic metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), present in the dialysates were separated by high performance liquid chromatography on reverse phase columns and estimated by electrochemical detection. In the awake...

EMETIC AND ANTIEMETIC DRUGS 4.1. Neuroleptics 4.1.1. Phenothiazines 4.1.2. Butyrophenones and Related Compounds 4.1.3. Substituted Benzamides; Metoclopramide. Sulpiride and Others 4.2. Antihistamines 4.3. Miscellaneous Antiemetic Drugs 4.3.1. 4.3.2. 4.3.3. 4.3.4. 4.3.5. 4.3.6. 4.3.7. 4.3.8. 4.3.9. 4.3.10. Cannabinoids Steroids Domperidone Anxiolytics and Sedatives Analgesics Tricyclic Antidepre...

This second of two articles on the ‘typical’ (‘ first-generation’) anti psychotics covers nonphenothiazines: thio xan thenes (flupentixol and zuclo penthixol), butyro phenones/diphenyl butylpiperidines (including one-time world marketleader haloperidol, and pimozide) and sulpiride, for many years the only substituted benzamide available in the UK. Several tolerability issues ascribed specifical...

A widely accepted theory postulates that, in rats, chronic treatment with neuroleptics causes the depolarization inactivation of the majority of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. The present study was aimed to verify whether general anesthesia and/or other factors might contribute to the depolarization inactivation of A9 and A10 DA neurons. To investigate on the possible role played by DA recepto...