Microbial agents are among the major causes of deterioration of cultural heritage, strongly affecting our global cultural legacy, the stone, glass, wood and other sources used to fabricate millions of artworks and monuments around the world. However, it is not all about rotting and erosion! Microbial action has been harnessed to clean the surfaces of stone sculptures and buildings and frescoes....

Pharmaceutical industry represents a range of industries with operation and processes as diverse as its product. Hence effluents coming from pharma industries vary from industry to industry. Thus it is almost impossible to describe a typical pharmaceutical effluent because of such diversity. Waste water is generally evaluated in terms of temp, pH, Total suspended solid (TSS), BOD, COD, Oil & gr...

Ferrous and ferric sulphates and (oxy)hydroxides can grow on pyrite surfaces and slow oxidation rates. However, in northern climates, repeated freeze/thaw cycles can cause cracks, channeling and exposure of new surfaces. In the present study, weathering in a repeated freeze/thaw experiment was compared to a regular humidity cell experiment. Introductory results (after 17 weeks) show very small ...

In Norway there occurred in 1966 an outbreak of severe allergic contact dermatitis in women who had used a new dish-washing agent. In connection with the dermatitis some of the patients also had systemic symptoms in the form of headache, nausea, fever and a certain degree of depression. The results of testing of patients and of sensitization tests in guinea pigs clearly showed that the cause of...

After subjecting Zamora building stones to accelerated ageing tests, colour changes were studied, namely: (a) freezing/thawing and thermal shock (gelifraction thermoclasty), (b) combination of plus salt crystallisation (sulphates or phosphates) (gelifraction, thermoclasty haloclasty). are silicified conglomerates (silcretes) from the Cretaceous that show marked due remobilisation iron oxyhydrox...

Introduction: Degenerative changes in Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) have increased in prevalence and severity over the years. Within this context, it’s necessary to obtain safe and effective therapies for control and management of the patient in cases of osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis of the TMJ. Therapeutic options range from intra-articular infiltration protocols, occlusal splints, pharmac...

SEPTICITY WITHIN A sewerage system occurs when microorganisms present in sewage and adhering to submerged surfaces have utilised all the dissolved oxygen and any nitrates that may be present in the sewage (derived from ground-water infiltration or present in the water supply). When anaerobic conditions have developed, bacteria in the sewage reduce the organic compounds of sulphur to sulphide an...