Hydrogen sulfide is frequently met in natural waters, like mineral springs, but mostly it found marine water with low renewal rate. The Black Sea has extremely high hydrogen content. It can be utilized different ways, the most promising one direct conversion into electricity. This result attained by a sulfide-driven fuel cell (SDFC), converting to sulfate thus releasing electric energy up 24 GJ...

The utility of a laboratory diagnostic approach was investigated for a systematic evaluation of the impact of operating conditions, membrane type, and antiscalant effectiveness on membrane mineral salt scale formation. The study focused on low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalting of brackish water with high potential for scaling by calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum). Gypsum scale fo...

Sensitive amino acid composition and chirality analysis is demonstrated using the Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA), a portable microfabricated capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument. The MOA integrates all high voltage power supplie s, pneumatic controls, and fluorescence detection optics. The microfabricated device is a novel multi-layer structure combining glass separation channels [1] and micr...

U nless you hang drywall or travel in certain biogeochemical circles, the calcium sulfate mineral gypsum is probably not on your radar—nor is the amount of sulfate (SO4 2 ) dissolved in seawater, which determines how much gypsum is left behind when that seawater evaporates. All the same, sulfate is the second most abundant negatively charged ion dissolved in seawater today, and tracking its cha...

The Curiosity rover in Gale crater is investigating a mineral transition observed from orbit – an older “clay unit” to younger “sulfate hypothesized reflect the aridification of Mars’ climate. Below this transition, detected crystalline Ca-sulfates with minor Fe-sulfates but also found that some fraction rock’s bulk SO3 often poorly constrained X-ray amorphous component. Here, we characterize a...

Magnesium (Mg) has been developed as a drug with various clinical uses. Mg is a key cation in physiological processes, and the homeostasis of this cation is crucial for the normal function of body organs. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a mineral pharmaceutical preparation of magnesium that is used as a neuroprotective agent. One rationale for the frequent use of MgSO4 in critical care is the high...

The suitability of CaCl2 as a mineralizing agent in the synthesis low-temperature C2S-cement clinker from wastes autoclaved aerated concrete was investigated. As chlorellestadite is potential host mineral for immobilization chlorine, formation conditions highest joint content and C2S were studied samples with different sulfate contents. Oven experiments conducted at temperatures between 700 120...

The vast majority of carbonate minerals in modern marine sediments are biogenic, derived from the skeletal remains organisms living ocean. However, can also precipitate abiotically within sediments, and this mineral precipitation has been suggested as a third major, isotopically distinct, sink global carbon cycle, particularly important earlier Earth history. Here we present compilation pore fl...