the largest class of algebraic hyper structures satisfying the module like axioms is the v h -module. in this paper, we consider the category of v h -modules and prove that the direct limit alwaysexists in this category. direct limits are defined by a universal property, and so are unique. the mostpowerful tool in order to obtain a module from a given v h - module is the quotient out procedure....

: Answering a question by Honsell and Plotkin, we show that there are two equations between λ-terms, the so-called subtractive equations, consistent with λ-calculus but not simultaneously satisfied in any partially ordered model with bottom element. We also relate the subtractive equations to the open problem of the order-incompleteness of λ-calculus, by studying the connection between the noti...

This paper investigates mechanisms underlying the coining of intentional morphological blends and complex clippings. In one case study, I investigate the degree to which (a corpus-based definition of) psycholinguistic recognition points play a role in these subtractive word-formation processes. Also, I am concerned with the issue whether a separation of these two categories, which has been embr...

We extend the subtractive imaging method to label-free second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to enhance the spatial resolution and contrast. This method is based on the intensity difference between two images obtained with circularly polarized Gaussian and doughnut-shaped beams, respectively. By characterizing the intensity and polarization distributions of the two focused beams, we verif...

This series of studies represents an effort to extend the subtractive method of Bonders to the analysis of depth of processing in simple classification tasks. The stimuli are always pairs of items (letters, nonsense forms, digits) to which S must respond "same" or "different" as quickly as possible. Levels of instruction are physical identity (e.g., AA), name identity (e.g., Aa), and rule ident...

In this paper we propose a new technique, wobbling, for the stabilization of spectral ADC-test parameters with respect to offset and amplitude deviations of the sinusoidal stimulus. Wobbling aims at removing the effect of the rounding operation that takes place in an ADC, so that the measured harmonic distortion and noise amplitude can be truly ascribed to the intrinsic non-linearity and noise ...

In the present paper for two $mathfrak{A}$-module Banach algebras $A$ and $B$, we investigate relations between $varphi$-$mathfrak{A}$-module approximate amenability of $A$, $psi$-$mathfrak{A}$-module approximate amenability of $B$, and $varphioplus psi$-$mathfrak{A}$-module approximate amenability of $Aoplus B$ ($l^1$-direct sum of $A$ and $B$), where $varphiin$ Hom$_{mathfrak{A}}(A)$ and $psi...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of primal strong co-ideals and give some results involving them. it is shown thatsubtractive strong co-ideals are intersection of all primal strong co-ideals that contain them. also we prove that the representation of strong co-ideals as reduced intersections of primal strong co-ideals is unique.