abused in humans increases the reward value of ICSS, Department of Neuropharmacology and drug withdrawal decreases the reward value of ICSS The Scripps Research Institute (reviewed by Koob et al., 1993). The increases in reward La Jolla, California 92037 threshold or decreases in reward have been observed following the withdrawal of opiates, stimulants, and al-Drug addiction is usually defined ...

Adolescents and young adults with a mild intellectual disability or borderline functioning (MID-BIF) are at risk for problematic substance use more likely to have emotional behavioral problems than peers without MID-BIF. A personality-targeted prevention program called Take it Personal! effectively reduces in adolescents The program’s effectiveness was examined on its secondary goal: reducing p...

panic attacks are discrete episodes of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating, trembling, derealization and a fear of losing control or dying. although panic attacks are required for a diagnosis of panic disorder, they also occur in association with a host of other disorders listed in the 5h version of the diagnostic and statistica...

OBJECTIVES To examine the use of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid withdrawal (OW) in an emergency department (ED) setting. METHODS The medical records of all adult patients who presented to the study ED during a 10 week period for OW were abstracted. Subjects were categorized as receiving buprenorphine, symptomatic treatment or no pharmacologic treatment for their OW. The three group...

Ethanol abuse is linked to several acute and chronic injuries that can lead to health problems. Ethanol addiction is one of the most severe diseases linked to the abuse of this drug. Symptoms of ethanol addiction include compulsive substance intake and withdrawal syndrome. Stress exposure has an important role in addictive behavior for many drugs of abuse (including ethanol), but the consequenc...

OBJECTIVE To explore the course of epilepsy following relapse after antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal. METHODS Forty two patients were identified with onset of epilepsy in childhood in whom AEDs had been withdrawn after at least 2 years of seizure freedom, and in whom a relapse had occurred. Two patients were lost to follow up. RESULTS Median follow up after AED withdrawal was 5.9 years (...

Objective. To identify the underlying factor structure of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, as measured with CIWA-Ar. Methods. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the items of CIWA-Ar. On 201 alcohol-dependent male patients seeking treatment for alcohol withdrawal at 36 hours of abstinence. Results. A three-factor solution was obtained that accounted for 68.74% of total variance. First fact...

The ultimate objective in devising animal analogs of physical dependence on ethanol is to obtain meaningful imitations that have behavioral and biological similarities to human subjects during the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. The natural history of alcoholic disease in human subject and in experimental animals involves three periods, each characterized on the basis of temporal relationships, pa...

BACKGROUND Finding an effective, non-pharmacological approach to treat opioid withdrawal could remove some of the barriers associated with pharmacotherapy. The BRIDGE® is a noninvasive, percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulator developed to target pain. OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to determine (1) the effects of the BRIDGE on withdrawal scores during the induction phase of opioid w...