This study examined whether the presence/absence of biofilm-associated genes may indicate potential for differences in biofilm formation among Salmonella species/subspecies. We conducted an vitro on by eighteen strains different Strains belonging to subspecies enterica were generally poorer formers than species bongori and arizonae, diarizonae, indica. A broader silico was subsequently conducte...

Low temperature affects the rice plants at all stages of growth. It can cause severe seedling injury and male sterility resulting in severe yield losses. Using a mini core collection of 174 Chinese rice accessions and 273 SSR markers we investigated cold tolerance at the germination and booting stages, as well as the underlying genetic bases, by association mapping. Two distinct populations, co...

Gene flow between genetically distinct plant populations can have significant evolutionary consequences. It can increase genetic diversity, create novel gene combinations, and transfer adaptations from one population to another. This study addresses the roles of frequency-dependent selection and mating system in gene exchange between two subspecies of Gilia capitata (Polemoniaceae). Long-distan...

Taxonomic notes: The African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) exhibits substantial morphological variability (Skinner & Chimimba 2005), resulting in controversies regarding the recognition of the various subspecies (Smitz et al. 2013). Recent evidence supports the separation of two distinct groups, corresponding to a West and Central African group and an East and Southern African group (Smitz et al. 2...

American tegumentary leishmaniasis is caused by a diverse group of Leishmania classified within two species complexes: L. mexicana and L. braziliensis. Because distinct disease forms are associated with certain species or subspecies, prognosis requires taxonomic identification of the pathogen. Biological criteria allow identification only to the species level; thus, biochemical and immunologica...

This study presents an updated list of centipedes of the orders Scutigeromorpha and Scolopendromorpha from Colombia based on data from the literature, the World Catalogue of Centipedes (CHILOBASE), and specimens examined in museum collections. Four families, nine genera, 37 species and four subspecies are listed. One species belongs to Scutigeromorpha, and 36 species and four subspecies to Scol...

The saucer bug subspecies Pelocoris femoratus balius La Rivers was described from east-central Florida and differs from the nominate subspecies by pronounced dark spotting on the fore femora, head, and pronotum. This subspecies is much less commonly encountered than is P. f. femoratus (Palisot de Beauvois), which occurs throughout Florida. Although both subspecies occur in the area, uncertainty...

Based on both morphological and physiological traits, Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) can be classified into two distinct subspecies, indica and japonica. To better understand the differences between the two subspecies, a proteomic approach was used to profile proteins present in the yellow seedling stage of 10 indica and 10 japonica rice varieties. We report the discovery of a new prot...

CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Artiodactyla, Family Bovidae, Subfamily Bovinae, Tribe Tragelaphini. The genus Tragelaphus contains eight living species (Van Gelder, 1977). The large gap between the western and eastern ranges of T. eurycerus and the isolation of Kenyan populations suggests that there may be several subspecies. However, the nominal subspecies have been described on the basis of chara...

Geographical variation in microsatellite allele frequencies and morphology were compared for five subspecies of Melospiza melodia (song sparrow; M. m. samuelis, M. m. maxillaris, M. m. pusillula, M. m. gouldii, and M. m. heermanni) in 14 populations in the San Francisco Bay region to (a) assess divergence based on these estimates and (b) test the hypothesis that drift is responsible for morphol...