Purkayastha et al reported 3 cases of proatlantal intersegmental arteries of external carotid artery origin associated with Galen’s vein malformation; however, because of their configuration, I believe that the 3 cases do not demonstrate this rare arterial variation, but rather show collateral blood flow from the occipital artery (OA) to the vertebral artery (VA). In patients with a vein of Gal...

INTRODUCTION: The inferior thyroid artery (ITA) usually originates from the thyrocervical trunk in majority of human population (90.5%), or subclavian a few populations humans (7.5%). It is quite rare to find ITA originating common carotid (CCA). CASE PRESENTATION: This study was case report cadaveric dissection at anatomy department, university Rwanda. 54-year-old male who had 2 arteries on le...

Abstract Left subclavian artery occlusion is frequently treated by stent placement. The most commented on In-Stent Restenosis excessive thrombus that squeezes the and leads to vessel occlusion. In this paper, an automatic system provided segment left arteries aortic arches from chest MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) images, then identify of based gray-levels extracted arch. Experimental results...

The thyrocervical trunk most commonly arises from the upper portion of the first segment of the subclavian artery, close to the medial edge of the scalenus anterior muscle and after short distance is divided to the inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, and suprascapular artery. This study reports important variations in branches of the thyrocervical trunk in a singular fema...

OBJECTIVE We have utilized subclavian flap angioplasty (SFA) frequently in infants with coarctation particularly in patients with arch hypoplasia which is quite frequent. We have followed these patients with serial echocardiography and have analyzed our results in this study to determine recoartation rates, recurrent hypertension and left arm development. METHODS Thirty eight infants less tha...

AIM The left internal mammary artery is the graft of choice for coronary artery bypass surgery. The necessity for preoperative internal mammary artery angiography is still controversial. We designed a prospective left internal mammary angiography for evaluating the risk of stenosis in the left internal mammary and subclavian artery, and the risk and the necessity for pre-operative internal mamm...

Figs. 4 and 5 : Thrombus in right subclavian artery Figs. 6 and 7 : Flow-void in axillary and radial arteries A 35 years female presented with severe pain of right hand and blackish discolouration of fingertips for last one month. She had no history of palpitation, dyspnoea, angina, fever, polyarthritis and fetal loss. She had past history of intermittent pain, claudication and raynaud’s phenom...

The Effect of Body Position and Forelimb Exercise on Cephalic Blood Flow • Flow through both common carotid, vertebral, and subclavian arteries was measured with "C-core" probes and square wave electromagnetic flowmeters in mongrel dogs. Exercise of the neurally isolated forelimb was simulated by electrical stimulation to obtain first clonic and then tetanic muscle contraction. Exercise was per...