teacher autonomy is viewed very differently: one teacher may view autonomy as a means to gain substantial freedom from interference or supervision; another may view it as the freedom to develop collegial relationships and accomplish tasks that extend beyond the classroom; and even some others may perceive it as a means for principals to avoid their duties (frase and sorenson, 1992). although th...

development of modern economy without private sector and high vigilance entrepreneurs is vital to identify opportunities and use of opportunities around the world. in this regard, identifying the influencing factors on emergence and development of entrepreneurship culture can be effective to promote entrepreneurship in our country. for this purpose, the main issue in this study is to identify t...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) measures the relative efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. DEA-based Malmquist productivity index measures the productivity change over time. We propose a dynamic DEA model involving network structure in each period within the framework a DEA. We have previously published the network DEA (NDEA) and the dynamic DEA ...

integrated urban management means adopting a holistic approach to urban management and designing appropriate mechanisms for this approach’s requirements in practice. the integration of the urban activities brings together organizational , structural and institutional activities and action in which the urban development is supported. in order to achieve integration, it is essential to identify f...

when we try to study the policy- making and decision- making in the the islamic management we do not refer to the ordinary methods available rather, we wish to delve into the deep structure of decision-making and policy- making from the view- point of wisdom and divine inspiration. is islam, policy- making and decision- making are based on thinking and counseling. thus, counseling is one of the...

Nowadays communications, decision-making, reporting manner and hierarchy are controlled by organizational structure getting an inside into such structure means getting an insight over the whole organization. It serves as a platform for operation of plans and strategies and also determines links among personnel or executive body of the organization. In line with developments in other elements, o...