Abstract The structuralist approach represents the relation between a model and physical system as two mathematical structures. However, since is prima facie not structure, seemingly fails to represent fact that science about concrete, reality. In this paper, I take up problem of lost reality suggest how it may be solved in purely fashion. start by briefly introducing both discussing various (n...

This article explores the existing literature on social memory in Iran, a growing research area for studying country’s past. The scattered and fragmented nature of across disciplines makes an in-depth thematic analysis important to organize these intellectual efforts. is divided into two parts. first part presents chronological scheme that identifies discusses three distinct phases development....

The central problem in the philosophy of mathematics concerns access. The access problem arises from the common supposition that the referents of mathematical terms inhabit a realm separate from us. Quine’s approach in the philosophy of mathematics, his indispensability argument, dissolves the access problem, though his solution sometimes goes unrecognized, even by those who are sympathetic to ...

A classic argument for skepticism about the external world runs as follows. First: we cannot know that the evil-demon hypothesis is false, where the evil-demon hypothesis says that all of our sensory experiences have been produced by an evil demon. Second: if we cannot know that the evil-demon hypothesis is false, we cannot know we have hands. Conclusion: We cannot know we have hands. Generaliz...

This paper develops the first parts of a logical framework for the empirical sciences, by means of a redefinition of theory structuralism as originally developed by Joseph Sneed, Wolfgang Stegmüller, and others, in the context of a ‘rigid’ logic as based on a fixed (therefore rigid) ontology. The paper defends a formal conception of the empirical sciences that has an irreducible ontological bas...

Poetry is a literary work that generally contains expressions of poet's feelings wrapped in beautiful diction and accompanied by meaningful style language. To understand, appreciate, appreciate poem specifically, it necessary to study poetry, course, involving certain approach. One approach can be used poetry the structuralism Structuralism an emphasizes more on building elements itself. In thi...