ConTroll is a grammar development system which supports the implementation of current constraint-based theories. It uses strongly typed feature structures as its principal data structure and ooers deenite relations, universal constraints, and lexical rules to express grammar constraints. The aspects of ConTroll of relevance to the development of large grammars are discussed in detail. The syste...

A criterion is given for a strong type in a finite rank stable theory T to be (almost) internal to a given nonmodular minimal type. The motivation comes from results of Campana [5] which give criteria for a compact complex analytic space to be “algebraic” (namely Moishezon). The canonical base property for a stable theory states that the type of the canonical base of a stationary type over a re...

Let p be a strong type of an algebraically closed tuple over B = acl(B) in any theory T . Depending on a ternary relation |̂ ∗ satisfying some basic axioms (there is at least one such, namely the trivial independence in T ), the first homology group H∗ 1 (p) can be introduced, similarly to [3]. We show that there is a canonical surjective homomorphism from the Lascar group over B to H∗ 1 (p). We...

Two important aspects of semantic parsing for question answering are the breadth of the knowledge source and the depth of logical compositionality. While existing work trades off one aspect for another, this paper simultaneously makes progress on both fronts through a new task: answering complex questions on semi-structured tables using question-answer pairs as supervision. The central challeng...

Component states can be formalized in higher-order logic as (1) functions from variables to values and (2) records, among other possibilities. Variable-to-value maps are natural, but they yield weak typing and restrict the user to a predefined value space. Record types define component signatures and properties need to be transferred between the various signatures. The method yields strong typi...

Entities in engineering design databases need to evolve in both structure and behavior. Such a need is not well addressed by object-oriented data models based on the class concept. On the contrary, models that are based on the prototype concept allow dynamic object evolution but they do not have the abilities for object classification and strong typing supported by models that have classes. In ...

We show that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator and a class of CalderónZygmund singular integrals satisfy the strong type modular inequality in variable Lp spaces if and only if the variable exponent p(x) ∼ const.

The members of every community can be thought of as linked by a network of one-to-one ties between people who are related to one another as friends, neighbors, relatives, or coworkers. The distance between any two people is the minimum number of steps through ties in the network needed to go from one to the other. A common and unusual characteristic of communities is that these distances are no...

The term ‘emergence’ often causes confusion in science and philosophy, as it is used to express at least two quite different concepts. We can label these concepts strong emergence and weak emergence. Both of these concepts are important, but it is vital to keep them separate. We can say that a high-level phenomenon is strongly emergent with respect to a low-level domain when the high-level phen...

In this review, we distinguish strong and weak forms of synesthesia. Strong synesthesia is characterized by a vivid image in one sensory modality in response to stimulation in another one. Weak synesthesia is characterized by cross-sensory correspondences expressed through language, perceptual similarity, and perceptual interactions during information processing. Despite important phenomenologi...