Continuous depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer has resulted in an increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) radiation on the earth's surface which inhibits photochemical and photobiological processes. However, certain photosynthetic organisms have evolved mechanisms to counteract the toxicity of ultraviolet or high photosynthetically active radiation by synthesizing the UV-absorbing/s...

Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N(2)O) accounts for approximately 5% of the global greenhouse effect and destroys stratospheric ozone. Soils are the most important source of N(2)O, which is produced during nitrification and denitrification. To assess the impact of environmental variables and ecosystems on N(2)O flux, we performed a meta-analysis comparing N(2)O flux in N amended and matched control ...

The discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica in 1985 was a surprise for science. For a few years the reasons of the ozone hole was speculated about. Soon it was obvious that predominant meteorological conditions led to a specific situation developing in this part of the atmosphere: Very low temperatures initiate chemical processes that at the end cause extreme ozone depletion at altitudes of...

Despite increasing scientific scrutiny in recent years, the direct impact of the ozone hole on surface temperatures over Antarctica remains uncertain. Here, this question is explored by using the Community Earth System Model–Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM-WACCM), contrasting two ensembles of runs with and without stratospheric ozone depletion. It is found that, during austral sp...

[1] Changes in the stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone over the last few decades have altered the tropospheric ozone abundance and are likely to continue doing so in the coming century as climate changes. Combining an updated linearized stratospheric ozone chemistry (Linoz v2) with parameterized polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) chemistry, a 5-year (2001–2005) sequence of the Europ...

Despite increasing scientific scrutiny in recent years, the direct impact of the ozone hole on surface temperatures over Antarctica remains uncertain. Here, we explore this question by using the Community Earth System Model Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM-WACCM), contrasting two ensembles of runs with and without stratospheric ozone depletion. We find that, during austral spring,...

21 There is presently renewed interest in diurnal variations of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone 22 for the purpose of supporting homogenization of records of various ozone measurements that are 23 limited by the technique employed to being made at certain times of day. We have made such 24 measurements for 19 years using a passive microwave remote sensing technique at the Mauna 25

In the Arctic stratosphere, total column ozone in the spring can vary, from year to year, by as much as 30%. This large interannual variability, however, is absent from many presentgeneration climate models, in which the prescribed seasonal cycle of stratospheric ozone includes, at best, smooth multi-decadal trends. We here investigate the extent to which interannual variability in Arctic strat...

The observed variations in the isotope ratios often reveal information about the relative strengths of different sources and sinks of the trace gas in question, and about the transport processes which influence its distribution. With the magnitude of the heavy ozone isotope effect known, the isotopes can serve as markers for atmospheric transport and chemical reactions. The enrichment observed ...