The conversion of biomass into biofuels can increase fuel flexibility and reduce the related strategic vulnerability of petroleum based transportation fuel systems. Bioethanol has received considerable attention over the last years as a fuel extender or even neat liquid fuel. Lignocellulosic materials are very attractive substrates for the production of bioethanol because of their low cost and ...

General topics of interest center around investigation of the structure, dynamics (vibrational and diffusive), and composition (speciation) of molecules at interfaces and in other confining geometries (layers and porous media). Length and time scales of interest are typically probed by neutron scattering techniques such as quasielastic neutron scattering, inelastic neutron scattering, SANS, and...

Smart Structures is a rapidly advancing field with the range of support and enabling technologies having made significant advances, notably optics and electronics. Whilst piezoelectric actuators and fiber optic sensors have been accorded the most attention, other techniques such as Shape Memory Alloys, Magneto Restrictive Materials and Electro-Rheological Fluids also have niche applications. Fu...

This is not a paper about strategic directions for Digital Library development. It deliberately focuses on what is being put in place right now in an effort to better support academic endeavour in particular using electronic materials. The examples are all drawn from the UK's largest academic datacentre, Manchester Computing, at the University of Manchester, which, in addition to supporting loc...

Making a business case for interoperability and standards is a challenging task for those involved in the strategic planning of IT systems in educational institutions. This briefing with its accompanying references is intended to provide advice and supporting materials to help people to incorporate standards in their ICT-related business cases. It assumes some familiarity with the way IT system...

Despite evidence on what works in healthcare, there is a significant gap in the time it takes to bring research into practice. The Council of Academic Hospitals of Ontario's Adopting Research to Improve Care program addresses this research-to-practice gap by incorporating the following components into its funding program: strategic selection of evidence for implementation, education and trainin...

As natural resources become less abundant, we naturally become more interested in, and more adept at utilisation of waste materials. In doing this we are bringing to bear a ploy which is of key importance in learning | or so I argue in this paper. In thèTruth from Trash' model, learning is viewed as a process which uses environmental feedback to assemble fortuitous sensory predispositions (sens...

University of Twente, Department of Operational Methods for Production and Logistics, Capitool 15, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands, [email protected], tel.: +31 (0)53 489 4715; fax +31 (0)53 489 2159 University of Bath, Centre for Research in Strategic Purchasing and Supply, School of Management, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, Elmer Bakker [email protected], Helen Wal...

2-Chloro-3-amino-4-picoline (CAPIC) is a strategic building block for the preparation of nevirapine, a widely-prescribed non-nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-infected patients. A continuous synthesis to the bromo derivative of a CAPIC intermediate, 2-bromo-4-methylnicotinonitrile, that terminates in a dead-end crystallization is described. The route uses inex...

We describe the first of two large-scale atomic simulation projects on materials failure performed on the 12-teraflop ASCI (Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative) White computer at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This is a multimillion-atom simulation study of crack propagation in rapid brittle fracture where the cracks travel faster than the speed of sound. Our finding centers on ...