Without ongoing surveillance systems to assess tobacco product demand and exposure levels, many low and middle income countries monitor smoking via periodic cross-sectional surveys. In this article, we seek to update estimates for the prevalence of adult smoking in Colombia and contribute additional information useful for tobacco control initiatives. Data are from the 2003 Colombian National St...

AIMS To assess trends in the prevalence of 'hardcore' smoking in England between 2000 and 2010, and to examine associations between hardcore smoking and socio-demographic variables. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from the United Kingdom's General Lifestyle Survey (GLF) and the Health Survey for England (HSE). SETTING Households in England. PARTICIPANTS Self-reported adult current smoke...

In recent years, pirate attacks against shipping and oil field installations have become more frequent and more serious. This article proposes an innovative solution to the problem of offshore piracy from the perspective of the entire processing chain: from the detection of a potential threat to the implementation of a response. The response to an attack must take into account multiple variable...

background: safety programs are a core part of safety management in workplaces that can reduce incidents and injuries. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of safety training observation program (stop) technique as a behavior modification program on safety climate in a construction company . methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out on workers of the petrochemical co...

The illegal copying of software is commonly referred to as software piracy, which has considered as one of ethical issues on cyberspace. To this end, several measures have been tried to prevent and deter losses. One is to identify the factors that influence individuals’ piracy act. In this research, a theoretical model is developed to test the factors that would significantly affect piracy inte...

Recent advancements in wireless communication technology and portable computing are opening up exciting possibilities for the future of mobile network applications. One obvious domain for such mobile network applications is in vehicle traffic scenarios, where vehicle-mounted mobile hosts, with wireless communication ability, form an ad hoc network. With the aim of improving transportation syste...

Numerous studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have described increased or decreased regional brain activations in older as compared to younger adults. This seeming inconsistency may reflect differences in the psychological constructs examined across studies. We hypothesized that behavioral tasks/contrasts engaging internally and externally driven processes are each associa...

The rate of evolution in terms of the number of mutant substitutions in a finite population is investigated assuming a quantitative character subject to stabilizing selection, which is known to be the most prevalent type of natural selection. It is shown that, if a large number of segregating loci (or sites) are involved, the average selection coefficient per mutant under stabilizing selection ...

There are two main approaches, conservative and optimistic, for maintaining consistency in distributed network games. Under the conservative approach, players may experience network latency, depending on packet transfer delay caused by the send-and-wait and acknowledging processes. Under the optimistic approach, the processes do not wait for other players’ packets and advance to their own frame...